Na + C3H7OH = H2 + C3H7ONa

Na sodium + CH_3CH_2CH_2OH N-propanol ⟶ H_2 hydrogen + C3H7ONa

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Na + CH_3CH_2CH_2OH ⟶ H_2 + C3H7ONa Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Na + c_2 CH_3CH_2CH_2OH ⟶ c_3 H_2 + c_4 C3H7ONa Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Na, C, H and O: Na: | c_1 = c_4 C: | 3 c_2 = 3 c_4 H: | 8 c_2 = 2 c_3 + 7 c_4 O: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 Na + 2 CH_3CH_2CH_2OH ⟶ H_2 + 2 C3H7ONa

+ ⟶ + C3H7ONa

sodium + N-propanol ⟶ hydrogen + C3H7ONa

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Na + CH_3CH_2CH_2OH ⟶ H_2 + C3H7ONa Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 Na + 2 CH_3CH_2CH_2OH ⟶ H_2 + 2 C3H7ONa Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Na | 2 | -2 CH_3CH_2CH_2OH | 2 | -2 H_2 | 1 | 1 C3H7ONa | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Na | 2 | -2 | ([Na])^(-2) CH_3CH_2CH_2OH | 2 | -2 | ([CH3CH2CH2OH])^(-2) H_2 | 1 | 1 | [H2] C3H7ONa | 2 | 2 | ([C3H7ONa])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Na])^(-2) ([CH3CH2CH2OH])^(-2) [H2] ([C3H7ONa])^2 = ([H2] ([C3H7ONa])^2)/(([Na])^2 ([CH3CH2CH2OH])^2)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Na + CH_3CH_2CH_2OH ⟶ H_2 + C3H7ONa Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 Na + 2 CH_3CH_2CH_2OH ⟶ H_2 + 2 C3H7ONa Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Na | 2 | -2 CH_3CH_2CH_2OH | 2 | -2 H_2 | 1 | 1 C3H7ONa | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Na | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Na])/(Δt) CH_3CH_2CH_2OH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[CH3CH2CH2OH])/(Δt) H_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2])/(Δt) C3H7ONa | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[C3H7ONa])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[Na])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[CH3CH2CH2OH])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[C3H7ONa])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| sodium | N-propanol | hydrogen | C3H7ONa formula | Na | CH_3CH_2CH_2OH | H_2 | C3H7ONa Hill formula | Na | C_3H_8O | H_2 | C3H7NaO name | sodium | N-propanol | hydrogen | IUPAC name | sodium | propan-1-ol | molecular hydrogen |

| sodium | N-propanol | hydrogen | C3H7ONa molar mass | 22.98976928 g/mol | 60.1 g/mol | 2.016 g/mol | 82.08 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | melting point | 97.8 °C | -127 °C | -259.2 °C | boiling point | 883 °C | 97 °C | -252.8 °C | density | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 0.804 g/cm^3 | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | solubility in water | decomposes | miscible | | surface tension | | 0.02375 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 1.413×10^-5 Pa s (at 527 °C) | 0.001945 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 8.9×10^-6 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | | alcohol-like | odorless |