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sodium vs chlorine vs sulfur

Input interpretation

sodium (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element)
sodium (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| sodium | chlorine | sulfur atomic symbol | Na | Cl | S atomic number | 11 | 17 | 16 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^1 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 3p 3s | 3p 3s block | s | p | p group | 1 | 17 | 16 period | 3 | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 22.98976928 u | 35.45 u | 32.06 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| sodium | chlorine | sulfur atomic symbol | Na | Cl | S atomic number | 11 | 17 | 16 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^1 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 3p 3s | 3p 3s block | s | p | p group | 1 | 17 | 16 period | 3 | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 22.98976928 u | 35.45 u | 32.06 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| sodium | chlorine | sulfur phase at STP | solid | gas | solid melting point | 97.72 °C | -101.5 °C | 115.21 °C boiling point | 883 °C | -34.04 °C | 444.72 °C critical temperature | 2573 K | 416.9 K | 1314 K critical pressure | 35 MPa | 7.991 MPa | 20.7 MPa molar heat of fusion | 2.6 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 97.7 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1230 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)
| sodium | chlorine | sulfur phase at STP | solid | gas | solid melting point | 97.72 °C | -101.5 °C | 115.21 °C boiling point | 883 °C | -34.04 °C | 444.72 °C critical temperature | 2573 K | 416.9 K | 1314 K critical pressure | 35 MPa | 7.991 MPa | 20.7 MPa molar heat of fusion | 2.6 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 97.7 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1230 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| sodium | chlorine | sulfur density | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 liquid density | 0.927 g/cm^3 | | 1.819 g/cm^3 molar volume | 23.7 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | | 2 (≈ gypsum) Brinell hardness | 0.69 MPa | | bulk modulus | 6.3 GPa | 1.1 GPa | 7.7 GPa shear modulus | 3.3 GPa | | Young's modulus | 10 GPa | | ultimate tensile strength | 10 MPa | | refractive index | | 1.000773 | 1.001111 sound speed | 3200 m/s | 206 m/s | thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | | thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| sodium | chlorine | sulfur density | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 liquid density | 0.927 g/cm^3 | | 1.819 g/cm^3 molar volume | 23.7 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | | 2 (≈ gypsum) Brinell hardness | 0.69 MPa | | bulk modulus | 6.3 GPa | 1.1 GPa | 7.7 GPa shear modulus | 3.3 GPa | | Young's modulus | 10 GPa | | ultimate tensile strength | 10 MPa | | refractive index | | 1.000773 | 1.001111 sound speed | 3200 m/s | 206 m/s | thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | | thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| sodium | chlorine | sulfur electrical type | conductor | insulator | insulator resistivity | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 8.5×10^-6 | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.22×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) | | threshold frequency | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) | | color | (silver) | (yellow) | (yellow) refractive index | | 1.000773 | 1.001111
| sodium | chlorine | sulfur electrical type | conductor | insulator | insulator resistivity | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 8.5×10^-6 | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.22×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) | | threshold frequency | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) | | color | (silver) | (yellow) | (yellow) refractive index | | 1.000773 | 1.001111

Reactivity

| sodium | chlorine | sulfur valence | 1 | 5 | 6 electronegativity | 0.93 | 3.16 | 2.58 electron affinity | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol
| sodium | chlorine | sulfur valence | 1 | 5 | 6 electronegativity | 0.93 | 3.16 | 2.58 electron affinity | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| sodium | chlorine | sulfur term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_2 atomic radius | 180 pm | 100 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 166 pm | 102 pm | 105 pm van der Waals radius | 227 pm | 175 pm | 180 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| sodium | chlorine | sulfur term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_2 atomic radius | 180 pm | 100 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 166 pm | 102 pm | 105 pm van der Waals radius | 227 pm | 175 pm | 180 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| sodium | chlorine | sulfur universe abundance | 0.002 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% | 0.05 mass% solar abundance | 0.004 mass% | 8×10^-4 mass% | 0.04 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.55 mass% | 0.037 mass% | 4 mass% crust abundance | 2.3 mass% | 0.017 mass% | 0.042 mass% ocean abundance | 1.1 mass% | 2 mass% | 0.093 mass% human abundance | 0.14 mass% | 0.12 mass% | 0.2 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-4 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% | 0.002 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.48 mol% | 0.016 mol% | 2.2 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.3 mol% | 0.35 mol% | 0.018 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.1 mol% | 0.0099 mol% | 0.027 mol% human molar abundance | 0.038 mol% | 0.021 mol% | 0.039 mol%
| sodium | chlorine | sulfur universe abundance | 0.002 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% | 0.05 mass% solar abundance | 0.004 mass% | 8×10^-4 mass% | 0.04 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.55 mass% | 0.037 mass% | 4 mass% crust abundance | 2.3 mass% | 0.017 mass% | 0.042 mass% ocean abundance | 1.1 mass% | 2 mass% | 0.093 mass% human abundance | 0.14 mass% | 0.12 mass% | 0.2 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-4 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% | 0.002 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.48 mol% | 0.016 mol% | 2.2 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.3 mol% | 0.35 mol% | 0.018 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.1 mol% | 0.0099 mol% | 0.027 mol% human molar abundance | 0.038 mol% | 0.021 mol% | 0.039 mol%

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