Input interpretation
sodium hydroxide + magnesium chloride ⟶ sodium chloride + magnesium hydroxide
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O, Cl and Mg: H: | c_1 = 2 c_4 Na: | c_1 = c_3 O: | c_1 = 2 c_4 Cl: | 2 c_2 = c_3 Mg: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 + ⟶ 2 +
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
sodium hydroxide + magnesium chloride ⟶ sodium chloride + magnesium hydroxide
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| sodium hydroxide | magnesium chloride | sodium chloride | magnesium hydroxide molecular enthalpy | -425.8 kJ/mol | -641.3 kJ/mol | -411.2 kJ/mol | -924.5 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -851.6 kJ/mol | -641.3 kJ/mol | -822.4 kJ/mol | -924.5 kJ/mol | H_initial = -1493 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1747 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1747 kJ/mol - -1493 kJ/mol = -254 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |
Gibbs free energy
| sodium hydroxide | magnesium chloride | sodium chloride | magnesium hydroxide molecular free energy | -379.7 kJ/mol | -591.8 kJ/mol | -384.1 kJ/mol | -833.5 kJ/mol total free energy | -759.4 kJ/mol | -591.8 kJ/mol | -768.2 kJ/mol | -833.5 kJ/mol | G_initial = -1351 kJ/mol | | G_final = -1602 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -1602 kJ/mol - -1351 kJ/mol = -250.5 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| sodium hydroxide | magnesium chloride | sodium chloride | magnesium hydroxide Hill formula | HNaO | Cl_2Mg | ClNa | H_2MgO_2 name | sodium hydroxide | magnesium chloride | sodium chloride | magnesium hydroxide IUPAC name | sodium hydroxide | magnesium dichloride | sodium chloride | magnesium dihydroxide
Substance properties
| sodium hydroxide | magnesium chloride | sodium chloride | magnesium hydroxide molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 95.2 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 58.319 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 323 °C | 714 °C | 801 °C | 350 °C boiling point | 1390 °C | | 1413 °C | density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 2.32 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 | 2.3446 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | soluble | soluble | insoluble surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | | odor | | | odorless |
Units
