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bromine vs fluorine vs chlorine

Input interpretation

bromine (chemical element) | fluorine (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element)
bromine (chemical element) | fluorine (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| bromine | fluorine | chlorine atomic symbol | Br | F | Cl atomic number | 35 | 9 | 17 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 | [He]2s^22p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 Aufbau diagram | 4p 3d 4s | 2p 2s | 3p 3s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 17 | 17 period | 4 | 2 | 3 atomic mass | 79.904 u | 18.998403163 u | 35.45 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| bromine | fluorine | chlorine atomic symbol | Br | F | Cl atomic number | 35 | 9 | 17 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 | [He]2s^22p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 Aufbau diagram | 4p 3d 4s | 2p 2s | 3p 3s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 17 | 17 period | 4 | 2 | 3 atomic mass | 79.904 u | 18.998403163 u | 35.45 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| bromine | fluorine | chlorine phase at STP | liquid | gas | gas melting point | -7.3 °C | -219.6 °C | -101.5 °C boiling point | 59 °C | -188.12 °C | -34.04 °C critical temperature | 588 K | 144.13 K | 416.9 K critical pressure | 10.34 MPa | 5.172 MPa | 7.991 MPa molar heat of fusion | 5.8 kJ/mol | 0.26 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 14.8 kJ/mol | 3.27 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 947.3 J/(kg K) | 824 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | 7/5 (properties at standard conditions)
| bromine | fluorine | chlorine phase at STP | liquid | gas | gas melting point | -7.3 °C | -219.6 °C | -101.5 °C boiling point | 59 °C | -188.12 °C | -34.04 °C critical temperature | 588 K | 144.13 K | 416.9 K critical pressure | 10.34 MPa | 5.172 MPa | 7.991 MPa molar heat of fusion | 5.8 kJ/mol | 0.26 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 14.8 kJ/mol | 3.27 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 947.3 J/(kg K) | 824 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | 7/5 (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| bromine | fluorine | chlorine density | 3.12 g/cm^3 | 0.001696 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 liquid density | 3.12 g/cm^3 | | molar volume | 25.61 cm^3/mol | 11200 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol bulk modulus | 1.9 GPa | | 1.1 GPa refractive index | 1.001132 | 1.000195 | 1.000773 sound speed | | | 206 m/s thermal conductivity | 0.12 W/(m K) | 0.0277 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| bromine | fluorine | chlorine density | 3.12 g/cm^3 | 0.001696 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 liquid density | 3.12 g/cm^3 | | molar volume | 25.61 cm^3/mol | 11200 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol bulk modulus | 1.9 GPa | | 1.1 GPa refractive index | 1.001132 | 1.000195 | 1.000773 sound speed | | | 206 m/s thermal conductivity | 0.12 W/(m K) | 0.0277 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| bromine | fluorine | chlorine electrical type | insulator | | insulator resistivity | 1×10^10 Ω m (ohm meters) | | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-10 S/m (siemens per meter) | | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.53×10^-5 | | -2.31×10^-8 mass magnetic susceptibility | -4.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -7.83×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) color | (red) | (colorless) | (yellow) refractive index | 1.001132 | 1.000195 | 1.000773
| bromine | fluorine | chlorine electrical type | insulator | | insulator resistivity | 1×10^10 Ω m (ohm meters) | | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-10 S/m (siemens per meter) | | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.53×10^-5 | | -2.31×10^-8 mass magnetic susceptibility | -4.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -7.83×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) color | (red) | (colorless) | (yellow) refractive index | 1.001132 | 1.000195 | 1.000773

Reactivity

| bromine | fluorine | chlorine valence | 5 | 1 | 5 electronegativity | 2.96 | 3.98 | 3.16 electron affinity | 324.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 328 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1139.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1681 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1139.9 kJ/mol | 2103 kJ/mol | 3470 kJ/mol | 4560 kJ/mol | 5760 kJ/mol | 8550 kJ/mol | 9940 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 1681 kJ/mol | 3374.2 kJ/mol | 6050.4 kJ/mol | 8407.7 kJ/mol | 11022.7 kJ/mol | 15164.1 kJ/mol | 17868 kJ/mol | 92038.1 kJ/mol | 106434.3 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol
| bromine | fluorine | chlorine valence | 5 | 1 | 5 electronegativity | 2.96 | 3.98 | 3.16 electron affinity | 324.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 328 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1139.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1681 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1139.9 kJ/mol | 2103 kJ/mol | 3470 kJ/mol | 4560 kJ/mol | 5760 kJ/mol | 8550 kJ/mol | 9940 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 1681 kJ/mol | 3374.2 kJ/mol | 6050.4 kJ/mol | 8407.7 kJ/mol | 11022.7 kJ/mol | 15164.1 kJ/mol | 17868 kJ/mol | 92038.1 kJ/mol | 106434.3 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| bromine | fluorine | chlorine term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) atomic radius | 115 pm | 50 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 120 pm | 57 pm | 102 pm van der Waals radius | 185 pm | 147 pm | 175 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| bromine | fluorine | chlorine term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) atomic radius | 115 pm | 50 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 120 pm | 57 pm | 102 pm van der Waals radius | 185 pm | 147 pm | 175 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| bromine | fluorine | chlorine universe abundance | 7×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-5 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | | 5×10^-5 mass% | 8×10^-4 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.0087 mass% | 0.037 mass% crust abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% | 0.054 mass% | 0.017 mass% ocean abundance | 0.0067 mass% | 1.3×10^-4 mass% | 2 mass% human abundance | 2.9×10^-4 mass% | 0.0037 mass% | 0.12 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-8 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% solar molar abundance | | 3×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.0097 mol% | 0.016 mol% ocean molar abundance | 5.2×10^-4 mol% | 4.2×10^-5 mol% | 0.35 mol% crust molar abundance | 7.8×10^-5 mol% | 0.059 mol% | 0.0099 mol% human molar abundance | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.0012 mol% | 0.021 mol%
| bromine | fluorine | chlorine universe abundance | 7×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-5 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | | 5×10^-5 mass% | 8×10^-4 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.0087 mass% | 0.037 mass% crust abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% | 0.054 mass% | 0.017 mass% ocean abundance | 0.0067 mass% | 1.3×10^-4 mass% | 2 mass% human abundance | 2.9×10^-4 mass% | 0.0037 mass% | 0.12 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-8 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% solar molar abundance | | 3×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.0097 mol% | 0.016 mol% ocean molar abundance | 5.2×10^-4 mol% | 4.2×10^-5 mol% | 0.35 mol% crust molar abundance | 7.8×10^-5 mol% | 0.059 mol% | 0.0099 mol% human molar abundance | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.0012 mol% | 0.021 mol%

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