lithium vs sodium vs rubidium

lithium (chemical element) | sodium (chemical element) | rubidium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| lithium | sodium | rubidium atomic symbol | Li | Na | Rb atomic number | 3 | 11 | 37 short electronic configuration | [He]2s^1 | [Ne]3s^1 | [Kr]5s^1 Aufbau diagram | 2s | 3s | 5s block | s | s | s group | 1 | 1 | 1 period | 2 | 3 | 5 atomic mass | 6.94 u | 22.98976928 u | 85.4678 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| lithium | sodium | rubidium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 180.54 °C | 97.72 °C | 39.31 °C boiling point | 1342 °C | 883 °C | 688 °C critical temperature | 3223 K | 2573 K | 2093 K critical pressure | 67 MPa | 35 MPa | 16 MPa molar heat of fusion | 3 kJ/mol | 2.6 kJ/mol | 2.19 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 147 kJ/mol | 97.7 kJ/mol | 72 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 3570 J/(kg K) | 1230 J/(kg K) | 364 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| lithium | sodium | rubidium density | 0.535 g/cm^3 | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 1.532 g/cm^3 liquid density | 0.512 g/cm^3 | 0.927 g/cm^3 | 1.46 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13 cm^3/mol | 23.7 cm^3/mol | 55.79 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.6 (between talc and gypsum) | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 0.3 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | | 0.69 MPa | 0.216 MPa bulk modulus | 11 GPa | 6.3 GPa | 2.5 GPa shear modulus | 4.2 GPa | 3.3 GPa | Young's modulus | 4.9 GPa | 10 GPa | 2.4 GPa ultimate tensile strength | 15 MPa | 10 MPa | sound speed | 6000 m/s | 3200 m/s | 1300 m/s thermal expansion | 4.6×10^-5 K^(-1) | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | thermal conductivity | 85 W/(m K) | 140 W/(m K) | 58 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| lithium | sodium | rubidium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 9.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 8.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.37×10^-5 | 8.5×10^-6 | 3.98×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | 2.56×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.6×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.78×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2.22×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.93 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.26 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 7.085×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 5.467×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| lithium | sodium | rubidium valence | 1 | 1 | 1 electronegativity | 0.98 | 0.93 | 0.82 electron affinity | 59.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 46.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 520.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 403 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 520.2 kJ/mol | 7298.1 kJ/mol | 11815 kJ/mol | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol | 403 kJ/mol | 2633 kJ/mol | 3860 kJ/mol | 5080 kJ/mol | 6850 kJ/mol | 8140 kJ/mol | 9570 kJ/mol | 13120 kJ/mol | 14500 kJ/mol | 26740 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| lithium | sodium | rubidium term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^2S_(1/2) | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 145 pm | 180 pm | 235 pm covalent radius | 128 pm | 166 pm | 220 pm van der Waals radius | 182 pm | 227 pm | (electronic ground state properties)

| lithium | sodium | rubidium universe abundance | 6×10^-7 mass% | 0.002 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 6×10^-9 mass% | 0.004 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.7×10^-4 mass% | 0.55 mass% | 3.2×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 0.0017 mass% | 2.3 mass% | 0.006 mass% ocean abundance | 1.8×10^-5 mass% | 1.1 mass% | 1.2×10^-5 mass% human abundance | 3×10^-6 mass% | 0.14 mass% | 4.6×10^-4 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-7 mol% | 1×10^-4 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 4×10^-8 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 4.6×10^-4 mol% | 0.48 mol% | 7.8×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 1.6×10^-5 mol% | 0.3 mol% | 8.7×10^-7 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.005 mol% | 2.1 mol% | 0.0014 mol% human molar abundance | 2.7×10^-6 mol% | 0.038 mol% | 3.4×10^-5 mol%