Search

strongest metal

Input interpretation

strongest metallic element | by bulk modulus
strongest metallic element | by bulk modulus

Result

rhodium (380 GPa (gigapascals))
rhodium (380 GPa (gigapascals))

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Image

Image
Image

Basic elemental properties

atomic symbol | Rh atomic number | 45 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^14d^8 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s block | d group | 9 period | 5 atomic mass | 102.9055 u (unified atomic mass units)
atomic symbol | Rh atomic number | 45 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^14d^8 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s block | d group | 9 period | 5 atomic mass | 102.9055 u (unified atomic mass units)

Thermodynamic properties

phase at STP | solid melting point | 1964 °C (rank: 13th) boiling point | 3695 °C (rank: 19th) molar heat of fusion | 21.7 kJ/mol (rank: 18th) molar heat of vaporization | 495 kJ/mol (rank: 15th) specific heat at STP | 240 J/(kg K) (rank: 45th) (properties at standard conditions)
phase at STP | solid melting point | 1964 °C (rank: 13th) boiling point | 3695 °C (rank: 19th) molar heat of fusion | 21.7 kJ/mol (rank: 18th) molar heat of vaporization | 495 kJ/mol (rank: 15th) specific heat at STP | 240 J/(kg K) (rank: 45th) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

density | 12.45 g/cm^3 (rank: 18th) liquid density | 10.7 g/cm^3 molar volume | 8.2655 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 6 (≈ microcline) Vickers hardness | 1246 MPa (rank: 15th) Brinell hardness | 1100 MPa (rank: 13th) bulk modulus | 380 GPa (rank: 1st) shear modulus | 150 GPa Young's modulus | 275 GPa (rank: 8th) Poisson ratio | 0.26 (rank: 36th) sound speed | 4700 m/s (rank: 17th) thermal expansion | 8.2×10^-6 K^(-1) (rank: 47th) thermal conductivity | 150 W/(m K) (rank: 9th) (properties at standard conditions)
density | 12.45 g/cm^3 (rank: 18th) liquid density | 10.7 g/cm^3 molar volume | 8.2655 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 6 (≈ microcline) Vickers hardness | 1246 MPa (rank: 15th) Brinell hardness | 1100 MPa (rank: 13th) bulk modulus | 380 GPa (rank: 1st) shear modulus | 150 GPa Young's modulus | 275 GPa (rank: 8th) Poisson ratio | 0.26 (rank: 36th) sound speed | 4700 m/s (rank: 17th) thermal expansion | 8.2×10^-6 K^(-1) (rank: 47th) thermal conductivity | 150 W/(m K) (rank: 9th) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

electrical type | conductor resistivity | 4.3×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.693×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.36×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.4×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.98 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.204×10^15 Hz (hertz) color | (silver)
electrical type | conductor resistivity | 4.3×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.693×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.36×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.4×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.98 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.204×10^15 Hz (hertz) color | (silver)

Reactivity

valence | 6 electronegativity | 2.28 electron affinity | 109.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 719.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 719.7 kJ/mol | 1740 kJ/mol | 2997 kJ/mol
valence | 6 electronegativity | 2.28 electron affinity | 109.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 719.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 719.7 kJ/mol | 1740 kJ/mol | 2997 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

term symbol | ^4F_(9/2) atomic radius | 135 pm covalent radius | 142 pm (electronic ground state properties)
term symbol | ^4F_(9/2) atomic radius | 135 pm covalent radius | 142 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral rhodium atomic spectrum)
(neutral rhodium atomic spectrum)

Abundances

universe abundance | 6×10^-8 mass% (rank: 68th) solar abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% (rank: 50th) meteorite abundance | 1.8×10^-5 mass% (rank: 55th) crust abundance | 7×10^-8 mass% (rank: 80th) universe molar abundance | 7×10^-10 mol% (rank: 64th) solar molar abundance | 2×10^-9 mol% (rank: 50th) meteorite molar abundance | 4×10^-6 mol% (rank: 51st) crust molar abundance | 9.9×10^-9 mol% (rank: 81st)
universe abundance | 6×10^-8 mass% (rank: 68th) solar abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% (rank: 50th) meteorite abundance | 1.8×10^-5 mass% (rank: 55th) crust abundance | 7×10^-8 mass% (rank: 80th) universe molar abundance | 7×10^-10 mol% (rank: 64th) solar molar abundance | 2×10^-9 mol% (rank: 50th) meteorite molar abundance | 4×10^-6 mol% (rank: 51st) crust molar abundance | 9.9×10^-9 mol% (rank: 81st)

Nuclear properties

half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Rh-103 (100%) nuclear spin | Rh-89: 7/2^+ | Rh-90: 0^+ | Rh-91: 9/2^+ | Rh-92: 2^+ | Rh-93: 9/2^+ | Rh-94: 4^+ | Rh-95: 9/2^+ | Rh-96: 6^+ | Rh-97: 9/2^+ | Rh-98: 2^+ | Rh-99: 1/2^- | Rh-100: 1^- | Rh-101: 1/2^- | Rh-103: 1/2^- | Rh-104: 1^+ | Rh-105: 7/2^+ | Rh-106: 1^+ | Rh-107: 7/2^+ | Rh-108: 1^+ | Rh-109: 7/2^+ | Rh-111: 7/2^+ | Rh-112: 1^+ | Rh-113: 7/2^+ | Rh-114: 1^+ | Rh-115: 7/2^+ | Rh-116: 1^+ | Rh-117: 7/2^+ | Rh-119: 7/2^+ | Rh-121: 7/2^+ unstable isotopes | Rh-101 (3.3 yr) | Rh-102 (207 days) | Rh-99 (16.1 days) | Rh-105 (35.36 h) | Rh-100 (20.8 h) | Rh-97 (30.67 min) | Rh-107 (22 min) | Rh-96 (9.9 min) | Rh-98 (8.72 min) | Rh-95 (5.02 min) | Rh-109 (80 s) | Rh-94 (70.6 s) | Rh-104 (42.3 s) | Rh-106 (30.07 s) | Rh-110 (28.5 s) | Rh-108 (16.8 s) | Rh-93 (11.9 s) | Rh-111 (11 s) | Rh-112 (3.4 s) | Rh-113 (2.8 s) | Rh-114 (1.85 s) | Rh-91 (1.47 s) | Rh-115 (0.99 s) | Rh-116 (680 ms) | Rh-92 (500 ms) | Rh-117 (440 ms) | Rh-118 (266 ms) | Rh-121 (151 ms) | Rh-120 (136 ms) | Rh-90 (12 ms) | Rh-89 (1.5 µs) | Rh-122 (300 ns) | Rh-119 (150 ns) neutron cross-section | 145 b neutron mass absorption | 0.063 m^2/kg
half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Rh-103 (100%) nuclear spin | Rh-89: 7/2^+ | Rh-90: 0^+ | Rh-91: 9/2^+ | Rh-92: 2^+ | Rh-93: 9/2^+ | Rh-94: 4^+ | Rh-95: 9/2^+ | Rh-96: 6^+ | Rh-97: 9/2^+ | Rh-98: 2^+ | Rh-99: 1/2^- | Rh-100: 1^- | Rh-101: 1/2^- | Rh-103: 1/2^- | Rh-104: 1^+ | Rh-105: 7/2^+ | Rh-106: 1^+ | Rh-107: 7/2^+ | Rh-108: 1^+ | Rh-109: 7/2^+ | Rh-111: 7/2^+ | Rh-112: 1^+ | Rh-113: 7/2^+ | Rh-114: 1^+ | Rh-115: 7/2^+ | Rh-116: 1^+ | Rh-117: 7/2^+ | Rh-119: 7/2^+ | Rh-121: 7/2^+ unstable isotopes | Rh-101 (3.3 yr) | Rh-102 (207 days) | Rh-99 (16.1 days) | Rh-105 (35.36 h) | Rh-100 (20.8 h) | Rh-97 (30.67 min) | Rh-107 (22 min) | Rh-96 (9.9 min) | Rh-98 (8.72 min) | Rh-95 (5.02 min) | Rh-109 (80 s) | Rh-94 (70.6 s) | Rh-104 (42.3 s) | Rh-106 (30.07 s) | Rh-110 (28.5 s) | Rh-108 (16.8 s) | Rh-93 (11.9 s) | Rh-111 (11 s) | Rh-112 (3.4 s) | Rh-113 (2.8 s) | Rh-114 (1.85 s) | Rh-91 (1.47 s) | Rh-115 (0.99 s) | Rh-116 (680 ms) | Rh-92 (500 ms) | Rh-117 (440 ms) | Rh-118 (266 ms) | Rh-121 (151 ms) | Rh-120 (136 ms) | Rh-90 (12 ms) | Rh-89 (1.5 µs) | Rh-122 (300 ns) | Rh-119 (150 ns) neutron cross-section | 145 b neutron mass absorption | 0.063 m^2/kg

Identifiers

CAS number | 7440-16-6 PubChem CID number | 23948
CAS number | 7440-16-6 PubChem CID number | 23948

Metallic elements ranked by bulk modulus

1 | rhodium | 380 GPa | 2 | rhenium | 370 GPa | 3 | iridium | 320 GPa | 4 | tungsten | 310 GPa | 5 | platinum | 230 GPa | 6 | molybdenum | 230 GPa | 7 | ruthenium | 220 GPa | 8 | gold | 220 GPa | 9 | tantalum | 200 GPa | 10 | palladium | 180 GPa | ⋮
1 | rhodium | 380 GPa | 2 | rhenium | 370 GPa | 3 | iridium | 320 GPa | 4 | tungsten | 310 GPa | 5 | platinum | 230 GPa | 6 | molybdenum | 230 GPa | 7 | ruthenium | 220 GPa | 8 | gold | 220 GPa | 9 | tantalum | 200 GPa | 10 | palladium | 180 GPa | ⋮

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