vanadium vs zinc vs nickel vs chromium

vanadium (chemical element) | zinc (chemical element) | nickel (chemical element) | chromium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration vanadium | V | 23 | [Ar]4s^23d^3 zinc | Zn | 30 | [Ar]4s^23d^10 nickel | Ni | 28 | [Ar]4s^23d^8 chromium | Cr | 24 | [Ar]4s^13d^5 | Aufbau diagram | block | group vanadium | 3d 4s | d | 5 zinc | 3d 4s | d | 12 nickel | 3d 4s | d | 10 chromium | 3d 4s | d | 6 | period | atomic mass | half-life vanadium | 4 | 50.9415 u | (stable) zinc | 4 | 65.38 u | (stable) nickel | 4 | 58.6934 u | (stable) chromium | 4 | 51.9961 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 1681 °C | highest | 1910 °C (vanadium) | lowest | 419.53 °C (zinc) | distribution | boiling point | median | 2792 °C | highest | 3407 °C (vanadium) | lowest | 907 °C (zinc) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 18.9 kJ/mol | highest | 22.8 kJ/mol (vanadium) | lowest | 7.35 kJ/mol (zinc) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 358 kJ/mol | highest | 453 kJ/mol (vanadium) | lowest | 119 kJ/mol (zinc) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 447 J/(kg K) | highest | 489 J/(kg K) (vanadium) | lowest | 388 J/(kg K) (zinc) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 7.165 g/cm^3 | highest | 8.908 g/cm^3 (nickel) | lowest | 6.11 g/cm^3 (vanadium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 6.435 g/cm^3 | highest | 7.81 g/cm^3 (nickel) | lowest | 5.5 g/cm^3 (vanadium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 7.785 cm^3/mol | highest | 9.16 cm^3/mol (zinc) | lowest | 6.589 cm^3/mol (nickel) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 5.5 | highest | 8.5 (between topaz and corundum) (chromium) | lowest | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) (zinc) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 628 MPa | 638 MPa | 1060 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 412 MPa | 628 MPa | 700 MPa | 1120 MPa bulk modulus | median | 160 GPa | highest | 180 GPa (nickel) | lowest | 70 GPa (zinc) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 62 GPa | highest | 115 GPa (chromium) | lowest | 43 GPa (zinc) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 160 GPa | highest | 279 GPa (chromium) | lowest | 108 GPa (zinc) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.31 | 0.37 ultimate tensile strength | all | 37 MPa | 317 MPa sound speed | median | 4765 m/s | highest | 5940 m/s (chromium) | lowest | 3700 m/s (zinc) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 1.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 3.02×10^-5 K^(-1) (zinc) | lowest | 4.9×10^-6 K^(-1) (chromium) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 93 W/(m K) | highest | 120 W/(m K) (zinc) | lowest | 31 W/(m K) (vanadium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (vanadium) | lowest | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (zinc) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 1.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (zinc) | lowest | 5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (vanadium) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 3.177×10^-4 | highest | 3.837×10^-4 (vanadium) | lowest | -1.58×10^-5 (zinc) mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 4.45×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 6.28×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (vanadium) | lowest | -2.21×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (zinc) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.314×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 3.199×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (vanadium) | lowest | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (zinc) | distribution | work function | all | 4.3 eV | 4.5 eV | (3.63 to 4.9) eV | (5.04 to 5.35) eV

valence | median | 3.5 | highest | 6 (chromium) | lowest | 2 (zinc and nickel) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.65 | highest | 1.91 (nickel) | lowest | 1.63 (vanadium) electron affinity | median | 57.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 112 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (nickel) | lowest | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (zinc) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 695 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (zinc) | lowest | 650.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (vanadium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^3F_4 | ^4F_(3/2) | ^7S_3 atomic radius | median | 135 pm | highest | 140 pm (chromium) | lowest | 135 pm (3 elements) covalent radius | median | 132 pm | highest | 153 pm (vanadium) | lowest | 122 pm (zinc) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 8×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.006 mass% (nickel) | lowest | 3×10^-5 mass% (zinc) solar abundance | median | 0.0011 mass% | highest | 0.008 mass% (nickel) | lowest | 4×10^-5 mass% (vanadium) meteorite abundance | median | 0.16 mass% | highest | 1.3 mass% (nickel) | lowest | 0.0061 mass% (vanadium) crust abundance | median | 0.011 mass% | highest | 0.019 mass% (vanadium) | lowest | 0.0078 mass% (zinc) | distribution | ocean abundance | median | 1.7×10^-7 mass% | highest | 5×10^-7 mass% (zinc) | lowest | 6×10^-8 mass% (chromium) | distribution | human abundance | median | 6.5×10^-6 mass% | highest | 0.0033 mass% (zinc) | lowest | 3×10^-6 mass% (vanadium and chromium) universe molar abundance | median | 2.1×10^-5 mol% | highest | 1×10^-4 mol% (nickel) | lowest | 6×10^-7 mol% (zinc) | distribution | solar molar abundance | median | 2.2×10^-5 mol% | highest | 2×10^-4 mol% (nickel) | lowest | 9×10^-7 mol% (vanadium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 0.062 mol% | highest | 0.44 mol% (nickel) | lowest | 0.0023 mol% (vanadium) | distribution | ocean molar abundance | median | 1.9×10^-8 mol% | highest | 4.7×10^-8 mol% (zinc) | lowest | 7.1×10^-9 mol% (chromium) | distribution | crust molar abundance | median | 0.0044 mol% | highest | 0.0075 mol% (vanadium) | lowest | 0.0025 mol% (zinc) | distribution | human molar abundance | median | 7.5×10^-7 mol% | highest | 3.2×10^-4 mol% (zinc) | lowest | 4×10^-7 mol% (vanadium and chromium)