phosphorus vs carbon vs lead

phosphorus (chemical element) | carbon (chemical element) | lead (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| phosphorus | carbon | lead atomic symbol | P | C | Pb atomic number | 15 | 6 | 82 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^3 | [He]2s^22p^2 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^2 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 2p 2s | 6p 5d 4f 6s block | p | p | p group | 15 | 14 | 14 period | 3 | 2 | 6 atomic mass | 30.973761998 u | 12.011 u | 207.2 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| phosphorus | carbon | lead phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 44.2 °C | 3550 °C | 327.46 °C boiling point | 280.5 °C | 4027 °C | 1749 °C molar heat of fusion | 0.64 kJ/mol | 105 kJ/mol | 4.77 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 12.4 kJ/mol | 715 kJ/mol | 178 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 769.7 J/(kg K) | 710 J/(kg K) | 127 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| phosphorus | carbon | lead density | 1.823 g/cm^3 | 2.26 g/cm^3 | 11.34 g/cm^3 liquid density | | | 10.66 g/cm^3 molar volume | 16.99 cm^3/mol | 5.315 cm^3/mol | 18.27 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | | | 38.3 MPa bulk modulus | 11 GPa | 33 GPa | 46 GPa shear modulus | | | 5.6 GPa Young's modulus | | | 16 GPa Poisson ratio | | | 0.44 ultimate tensile strength | | | 18 MPa refractive index | 1.001212 | 2.417 | sound speed | | 18350 m/s | 1260 m/s thermal expansion | | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) | 2.89×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 0.236 W/(m K) | 140 W/(m K) | 35 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| phosphorus | carbon | lead electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) | 4.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.06×10^-5 | -1.4×10^-5 | -1.7×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.5×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -7.45×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.25 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 1.028×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 7.2 K (kelvins) color | (colorless) | (black) | (slate gray) refractive index | 1.001212 | 2.417 |

| phosphorus | carbon | lead valence | 5 | 4 | 4 electronegativity | 2.19 | 2.55 | 2.33 electron affinity | 72 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 35.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1011.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 715.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1011.8 kJ/mol | 1907 kJ/mol | 2914.1 kJ/mol | 4963.6 kJ/mol | 6273.9 kJ/mol | 21267 kJ/mol | 25431 kJ/mol | 29872 kJ/mol | 35905 kJ/mol | 40950 kJ/mol | 1086.5 kJ/mol | 2352.6 kJ/mol | 4620.5 kJ/mol | 6222.7 kJ/mol | 37831 kJ/mol | 47277 kJ/mol | 715.6 kJ/mol | 1450.5 kJ/mol | 3081.5 kJ/mol | 4083 kJ/mol | 6640 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| phosphorus | carbon | lead term symbol | ^4S_(3/2) | ^3P_0 | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 100 pm | 70 pm | 180 pm covalent radius | 107 pm | 76 pm | 146 pm van der Waals radius | 180 pm | 170 pm | 202 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| phosphorus | carbon | lead universe abundance | 7×10^-4 mass% | 0.5 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 7×10^-4 mass% | 0.3 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.11 mass% | 1.5 mass% | 1.4×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 0.099 mass% | 0.18 mass% | 9.9×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 7×10^-6 mass% | 0.0028 mass% | 3×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 1.1 mass% | 23 mass% | 1.7×10^-4 mass% universe molar abundance | 3×10^-5 mol% | 0.05 mol% | 6×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-5 mol% | 0.03 mol% | 7×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.07 mol% | 1.8 mol% | 1×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 1.4×10^-6 mol% | 0.0014 mol% | 9×10^-11 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.07 mol% | 0.31 mol% | 9.9×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 0.22 mol% | 12 mol% | 5×10^-6 mol%