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sodium vs magnesium vs barium

Input interpretation

sodium (chemical element) | magnesium (chemical element) | barium (chemical element)
sodium (chemical element) | magnesium (chemical element) | barium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

 | sodium | magnesium | barium atomic symbol | Na | Mg | Ba atomic number | 11 | 12 | 56 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^1 | [Ne]3s^2 | [Xe]6s^2 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 3s | 6s  block | s | s | s group | 1 | 2 | 2 period | 3 | 3 | 6 atomic mass | 22.98976928 u | 24.305 u | 137.327 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| sodium | magnesium | barium atomic symbol | Na | Mg | Ba atomic number | 11 | 12 | 56 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^1 | [Ne]3s^2 | [Xe]6s^2 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 3s | 6s block | s | s | s group | 1 | 2 | 2 period | 3 | 3 | 6 atomic mass | 22.98976928 u | 24.305 u | 137.327 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

 | sodium | magnesium | barium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 97.72 °C | 650 °C | 727 °C boiling point | 883 °C | 1090 °C | 1870 °C critical temperature | 2573 K | (unknown) | (unknown) critical pressure | 35 MPa | (unknown) | (unknown) molar heat of fusion | 2.6 kJ/mol | 8.7 kJ/mol | 8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 97.7 kJ/mol | 128 kJ/mol | 140 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1230 J/(kg K) | 1020 J/(kg K) | 205 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
| sodium | magnesium | barium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 97.72 °C | 650 °C | 727 °C boiling point | 883 °C | 1090 °C | 1870 °C critical temperature | 2573 K | (unknown) | (unknown) critical pressure | 35 MPa | (unknown) | (unknown) molar heat of fusion | 2.6 kJ/mol | 8.7 kJ/mol | 8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 97.7 kJ/mol | 128 kJ/mol | 140 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1230 J/(kg K) | 1020 J/(kg K) | 205 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

 | sodium | magnesium | barium density | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 3.51 g/cm^3 liquid density | 0.927 g/cm^3 | 1.584 g/cm^3 | 3.338 g/cm^3 molar volume | 23.7 cm^3/mol | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 39.12 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 1.25 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 0.69 MPa | 260 MPa |  bulk modulus | 6.3 GPa | 45 GPa | 9.6 GPa shear modulus | 3.3 GPa | 17 GPa | 4.9 GPa Young's modulus | 10 GPa | 45 GPa | 13 GPa Poisson ratio | | 0.29 |  ultimate tensile strength | 10 MPa | |  sound speed | 3200 m/s | 4602 m/s | 1620 m/s thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.06×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 160 W/(m K) | 18 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| sodium | magnesium | barium density | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 3.51 g/cm^3 liquid density | 0.927 g/cm^3 | 1.584 g/cm^3 | 3.338 g/cm^3 molar volume | 23.7 cm^3/mol | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 39.12 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 1.25 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 0.69 MPa | 260 MPa | bulk modulus | 6.3 GPa | 45 GPa | 9.6 GPa shear modulus | 3.3 GPa | 17 GPa | 4.9 GPa Young's modulus | 10 GPa | 45 GPa | 13 GPa Poisson ratio | | 0.29 | ultimate tensile strength | 10 MPa | | sound speed | 3200 m/s | 4602 m/s | 1620 m/s thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.06×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 160 W/(m K) | 18 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

 | sodium | magnesium | barium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.9×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 8.5×10^-6 | 1.2×10^-5 | 3.966×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.552×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.52 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 6.093×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)
| sodium | magnesium | barium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.9×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 8.5×10^-6 | 1.2×10^-5 | 3.966×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.552×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.52 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 6.093×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

Reactivity

 | sodium | magnesium | barium valence | 1 | 2 | 2 electronegativity | 0.93 | 1.31 | 0.89 electron affinity | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 13.95 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 502.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 502.9 kJ/mol | 965.2 kJ/mol | 3600 kJ/mol
| sodium | magnesium | barium valence | 1 | 2 | 2 electronegativity | 0.93 | 1.31 | 0.89 electron affinity | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 13.95 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 502.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 502.9 kJ/mol | 965.2 kJ/mol | 3600 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

 | sodium | magnesium | barium term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 180 pm | 150 pm | 215 pm covalent radius | 166 pm | 141 pm | 215 pm van der Waals radius | 227 pm | 173 pm | (unknown) (electronic ground state properties)
| sodium | magnesium | barium term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 180 pm | 150 pm | 215 pm covalent radius | 166 pm | 141 pm | 215 pm van der Waals radius | 227 pm | 173 pm | (unknown) (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

 | sodium | magnesium | barium universe abundance | 0.002 mass% | 0.06 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 0.004 mass% | 0.07 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.55 mass% | 12 mass% | 2.7×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 2.3 mass% | 2.9 mass% | 0.034 mass% ocean abundance | 1.1 mass% | 0.13 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% human abundance | 0.14 mass% | 0.027 mass% | 3×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-4 mol% | 0.003 mol% | 9×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 0.003 mol% | 9.9×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.48 mol% | 10 mol% | 4.1×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.3 mol% | 0.034 mol% | 1.4×10^-7 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.1 mol% | 2.5 mol% | 0.0051 mol% human molar abundance | 0.038 mol% | 0.007 mol% | 1.4×10^-6 mol%
| sodium | magnesium | barium universe abundance | 0.002 mass% | 0.06 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 0.004 mass% | 0.07 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.55 mass% | 12 mass% | 2.7×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 2.3 mass% | 2.9 mass% | 0.034 mass% ocean abundance | 1.1 mass% | 0.13 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% human abundance | 0.14 mass% | 0.027 mass% | 3×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-4 mol% | 0.003 mol% | 9×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 0.003 mol% | 9.9×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.48 mol% | 10 mol% | 4.1×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.3 mol% | 0.034 mol% | 1.4×10^-7 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.1 mol% | 2.5 mol% | 0.0051 mol% human molar abundance | 0.038 mol% | 0.007 mol% | 1.4×10^-6 mol%