Input interpretation
oxygen + ammonia ⟶ water + nitric acid
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for O, H and N: O: | 2 c_1 = c_3 + 3 c_4 H: | 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 + c_4 N: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 + ⟶ +
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
oxygen + ammonia ⟶ water + nitric acid
Reaction thermodynamics
Gibbs free energy
| oxygen | ammonia | water | nitric acid molecular free energy | 231.7 kJ/mol | -16.4 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -80.7 kJ/mol total free energy | 463.4 kJ/mol | -16.4 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -80.7 kJ/mol | G_initial = 447 kJ/mol | | G_final = -317.8 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -317.8 kJ/mol - 447 kJ/mol = -764.8 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | |
Entropy
| oxygen | ammonia | water | nitric acid molecular entropy | 205 J/(mol K) | 193 J/(mol K) | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 156 J/(mol K) total entropy | 410 J/(mol K) | 193 J/(mol K) | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 156 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 603 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 225.9 J/(mol K) | ΔS_rxn^0 | 225.9 J/(mol K) - 603 J/(mol K) = -377.1 J/(mol K) (exoentropic) | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| oxygen | ammonia | water | nitric acid Hill formula | O_2 | H_3N | H_2O | HNO_3 name | oxygen | ammonia | water | nitric acid IUPAC name | molecular oxygen | ammonia | water | nitric acid
Substance properties
| oxygen | ammonia | water | nitric acid molar mass | 31.998 g/mol | 17.031 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 63.012 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | gas (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) melting point | -218 °C | -77.73 °C | 0 °C | -41.6 °C boiling point | -183 °C | -33.33 °C | 99.9839 °C | 83 °C density | 0.001429 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 6.96×10^-4 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | 1 g/cm^3 | 1.5129 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | | | miscible surface tension | 0.01347 N/m | 0.0234 N/m | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 2.055×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.009×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 7.6×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) odor | odorless | | odorless |
Units
