Input interpretation
sodium chloride + bromine ⟶ chlorine + sodium bromide
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl, Na and Br: Cl: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Na: | c_1 = c_4 Br: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 + ⟶ + 2
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
sodium chloride + bromine ⟶ chlorine + sodium bromide
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| sodium chloride | bromine | chlorine | sodium bromide molecular enthalpy | -411.2 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -361.1 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -822.4 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -722.2 kJ/mol | H_initial = -822.4 kJ/mol | | H_final = -722.2 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -722.2 kJ/mol - -822.4 kJ/mol = 100.2 kJ/mol (endothermic) | | |
Gibbs free energy
| sodium chloride | bromine | chlorine | sodium bromide molecular free energy | -384.1 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -349 kJ/mol total free energy | -768.2 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -698 kJ/mol | G_initial = -768.2 kJ/mol | | G_final = -698 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -698 kJ/mol - -768.2 kJ/mol = 70.2 kJ/mol (endergonic) | | |
Entropy
| sodium chloride | bromine | chlorine | sodium bromide molecular entropy | 72 J/(mol K) | 152.2 J/(mol K) | 223 J/(mol K) | 84 J/(mol K) total entropy | 144 J/(mol K) | 152.2 J/(mol K) | 223 J/(mol K) | 168 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 296.2 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 391 J/(mol K) | ΔS_rxn^0 | 391 J/(mol K) - 296.2 J/(mol K) = 94.77 J/(mol K) (endoentropic) | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| sodium chloride | bromine | chlorine | sodium bromide Hill formula | ClNa | Br_2 | Cl_2 | BrNa name | sodium chloride | bromine | chlorine | sodium bromide IUPAC name | sodium chloride | molecular bromine | molecular chlorine | sodium bromide
Substance properties
| sodium chloride | bromine | chlorine | sodium bromide molar mass | 58.44 g/mol | 159.81 g/mol | 70.9 g/mol | 102.89 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 801 °C | -7.2 °C | -101 °C | 755 °C boiling point | 1413 °C | 58.8 °C | -34 °C | 1396 °C density | 2.16 g/cm^3 | 3.119 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 3.2 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | insoluble | | soluble surface tension | | 0.0409 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | | 9.44×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | odorless | | |
Units
