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isopentane

Input interpretation

isopentane
isopentane

Chemical names and formulas

formula | CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)_2 Hill formula | C_5H_12 name | isopentane alternate names | 2-methylbutane | butane, 2-methyl- | ethyldimethylmethane | Freon 601a | iso-pentane | R-601a mass fractions | C (carbon) 83.2% | H (hydrogen) 16.8%
formula | CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)_2 Hill formula | C_5H_12 name | isopentane alternate names | 2-methylbutane | butane, 2-methyl- | ethyldimethylmethane | Freon 601a | iso-pentane | R-601a mass fractions | C (carbon) 83.2% | H (hydrogen) 16.8%

Lewis structure

Draw the Lewis structure of isopentane. Start by drawing the overall structure of the molecule:  Count the total valence electrons of the carbon (n_C, val = 4) and hydrogen (n_H, val = 1) atoms: 5 n_C, val + 12 n_H, val = 32 Calculate the number of electrons needed to completely fill the valence shells for carbon (n_C, full = 8) and hydrogen (n_H, full = 2): 5 n_C, full + 12 n_H, full = 64 Subtracting these two numbers shows that 64 - 32 = 32 bonding electrons are needed. Each bond has two electrons, so the above diagram has all the necessary bonds. There are 16 bonds and hence 32 bonding electrons in the diagram. Lastly, fill in the remaining unbonded electrons on each atom. In total, there remain 32 - 32 = 0 electrons left to draw and the diagram is complete: Answer: |   |
Draw the Lewis structure of isopentane. Start by drawing the overall structure of the molecule: Count the total valence electrons of the carbon (n_C, val = 4) and hydrogen (n_H, val = 1) atoms: 5 n_C, val + 12 n_H, val = 32 Calculate the number of electrons needed to completely fill the valence shells for carbon (n_C, full = 8) and hydrogen (n_H, full = 2): 5 n_C, full + 12 n_H, full = 64 Subtracting these two numbers shows that 64 - 32 = 32 bonding electrons are needed. Each bond has two electrons, so the above diagram has all the necessary bonds. There are 16 bonds and hence 32 bonding electrons in the diagram. Lastly, fill in the remaining unbonded electrons on each atom. In total, there remain 32 - 32 = 0 electrons left to draw and the diagram is complete: Answer: | |

3D structure

3D structure
3D structure

Basic properties

molar mass | 72.15 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) melting point | -160 °C boiling point | 30 °C density | 0.62 g/cm^3 solubility in water | insoluble
molar mass | 72.15 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) melting point | -160 °C boiling point | 30 °C density | 0.62 g/cm^3 solubility in water | insoluble

Units

Liquid properties (at STP)

density | 0.62 g/cm^3 vapor pressure | 577.5 mmHg dynamic viscosity | 2.164×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) surface tension | 0.01372 N/m refractive index | 1.354
density | 0.62 g/cm^3 vapor pressure | 577.5 mmHg dynamic viscosity | 2.164×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) surface tension | 0.01372 N/m refractive index | 1.354

Units

Thermodynamic properties

specific heat capacity c_p | liquid | 2.284 J/(g K) molar heat capacity c_p | liquid | 164.8 J/(mol K) specific heat of formation Δ_fH° | gas | -2.129 kJ/g molar heat of formation Δ_fH° | gas | -153.6 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 26.1 kJ/mol |  specific heat of vaporization | 0.362 kJ/g |  molar heat of combustion | 3506 kJ/mol |  specific heat of combustion | 48.59 kJ/g |  molar heat of fusion | 5.15 kJ/mol |  specific heat of fusion | 0.0714 kJ/g |  critical temperature | 460.9 K |  critical pressure | 3.33 MPa |  (at STP)
specific heat capacity c_p | liquid | 2.284 J/(g K) molar heat capacity c_p | liquid | 164.8 J/(mol K) specific heat of formation Δ_fH° | gas | -2.129 kJ/g molar heat of formation Δ_fH° | gas | -153.6 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 26.1 kJ/mol | specific heat of vaporization | 0.362 kJ/g | molar heat of combustion | 3506 kJ/mol | specific heat of combustion | 48.59 kJ/g | molar heat of fusion | 5.15 kJ/mol | specific heat of fusion | 0.0714 kJ/g | critical temperature | 460.9 K | critical pressure | 3.33 MPa | (at STP)

Phase diagram

Phase diagram
Phase diagram

Units

Chemical identifiers

CAS number | 78-78-4 Beilstein number | 1730723 PubChem CID number | 6556 PubChem SID number | 24849313 SMILES identifier | CCC(C)C InChI identifier | InChI=1/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H, 4H2, 1-3H3 RTECS number | EK4430000 MDL number | MFCD00009338
CAS number | 78-78-4 Beilstein number | 1730723 PubChem CID number | 6556 PubChem SID number | 24849313 SMILES identifier | CCC(C)C InChI identifier | InChI=1/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H, 4H2, 1-3H3 RTECS number | EK4430000 MDL number | MFCD00009338

NFPA label

NFPA label
NFPA label
NFPA health rating | 1 NFPA fire rating | 4 NFPA reactivity rating | 0
NFPA health rating | 1 NFPA fire rating | 4 NFPA reactivity rating | 0

Safety properties

flash point | -51 °C autoignition point | 420 °C lower explosive limit | 1.4% (concentration in air) upper explosive limit | 8.3% (concentration in air)
flash point | -51 °C autoignition point | 420 °C lower explosive limit | 1.4% (concentration in air) upper explosive limit | 8.3% (concentration in air)
DOT hazard class | 3 DOT numbers | 1265
DOT hazard class | 3 DOT numbers | 1265

Toxicity properties

threshold limit value | 600 ppmv
threshold limit value | 600 ppmv
RTECS classes | other
RTECS classes | other