Input interpretation
isopentane
Chemical names and formulas
formula | CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)_2 Hill formula | C_5H_12 name | isopentane alternate names | 2-methylbutane | butane, 2-methyl- | ethyldimethylmethane | Freon 601a | iso-pentane | R-601a mass fractions | C (carbon) 83.2% | H (hydrogen) 16.8%
Lewis structure
Draw the Lewis structure of isopentane. Start by drawing the overall structure of the molecule: Count the total valence electrons of the carbon (n_C, val = 4) and hydrogen (n_H, val = 1) atoms: 5 n_C, val + 12 n_H, val = 32 Calculate the number of electrons needed to completely fill the valence shells for carbon (n_C, full = 8) and hydrogen (n_H, full = 2): 5 n_C, full + 12 n_H, full = 64 Subtracting these two numbers shows that 64 - 32 = 32 bonding electrons are needed. Each bond has two electrons, so the above diagram has all the necessary bonds. There are 16 bonds and hence 32 bonding electrons in the diagram. Lastly, fill in the remaining unbonded electrons on each atom. In total, there remain 32 - 32 = 0 electrons left to draw and the diagram is complete: Answer: | |
3D structure
3D structure
Basic properties
molar mass | 72.15 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) melting point | -160 °C boiling point | 30 °C density | 0.62 g/cm^3 solubility in water | insoluble
Units
Liquid properties (at STP)
density | 0.62 g/cm^3 vapor pressure | 577.5 mmHg dynamic viscosity | 2.164×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) surface tension | 0.01372 N/m refractive index | 1.354
Units
Thermodynamic properties
specific heat capacity c_p | liquid | 2.284 J/(g K) molar heat capacity c_p | liquid | 164.8 J/(mol K) specific heat of formation Δ_fH° | gas | -2.129 kJ/g molar heat of formation Δ_fH° | gas | -153.6 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 26.1 kJ/mol | specific heat of vaporization | 0.362 kJ/g | molar heat of combustion | 3506 kJ/mol | specific heat of combustion | 48.59 kJ/g | molar heat of fusion | 5.15 kJ/mol | specific heat of fusion | 0.0714 kJ/g | critical temperature | 460.9 K | critical pressure | 3.33 MPa | (at STP)
Phase diagram
Phase diagram
Units
Chemical identifiers
CAS number | 78-78-4 Beilstein number | 1730723 PubChem CID number | 6556 PubChem SID number | 24849313 SMILES identifier | CCC(C)C InChI identifier | InChI=1/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H, 4H2, 1-3H3 RTECS number | EK4430000 MDL number | MFCD00009338
NFPA label
NFPA label
NFPA health rating | 1 NFPA fire rating | 4 NFPA reactivity rating | 0
Safety properties
flash point | -51 °C autoignition point | 420 °C lower explosive limit | 1.4% (concentration in air) upper explosive limit | 8.3% (concentration in air)
DOT hazard class | 3 DOT numbers | 1265
Toxicity properties
threshold limit value | 600 ppmv
RTECS classes | other