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lead

Input interpretation

lead (chemical element)
lead (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Image

Image
Image

Basic elemental properties

atomic symbol | Pb atomic number | 82 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^2 Aufbau diagram | 6p 5d 4f 6s block | p group | 14 period | 6 atomic mass | 207.2 u (unified atomic mass units)
atomic symbol | Pb atomic number | 82 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^2 Aufbau diagram | 6p 5d 4f 6s block | p group | 14 period | 6 atomic mass | 207.2 u (unified atomic mass units)

Thermodynamic properties

phase at STP | solid melting point | 327.46 °C (rank: 72nd) boiling point | 1749 °C (rank: 58th) molar heat of fusion | 4.77 kJ/mol (rank: 71st) molar heat of vaporization | 178 kJ/mol (rank: 54th) specific heat at STP | 127 J/(kg K) (rank: 80th) (properties at standard conditions)
phase at STP | solid melting point | 327.46 °C (rank: 72nd) boiling point | 1749 °C (rank: 58th) molar heat of fusion | 4.77 kJ/mol (rank: 71st) molar heat of vaporization | 178 kJ/mol (rank: 54th) specific heat at STP | 127 J/(kg K) (rank: 80th) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

density | 11.34 g/cm^3 (rank: 24th) liquid density | 10.66 g/cm^3 molar volume | 18.27 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 38.3 MPa (rank: 52nd) bulk modulus | 46 GPa (rank: 33rd) shear modulus | 5.6 GPa Young's modulus | 16 GPa (rank: 54th) Poisson ratio | 0.44 (rank: 2nd) ultimate tensile strength | 18 MPa (rank: 32nd) sound speed | 1260 m/s (rank: 62nd) thermal expansion | 2.89×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 10th) thermal conductivity | 35 W/(m K) (rank: 41st) (properties at standard conditions)
density | 11.34 g/cm^3 (rank: 24th) liquid density | 10.66 g/cm^3 molar volume | 18.27 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 38.3 MPa (rank: 52nd) bulk modulus | 46 GPa (rank: 33rd) shear modulus | 5.6 GPa Young's modulus | 16 GPa (rank: 54th) Poisson ratio | 0.44 (rank: 2nd) ultimate tensile strength | 18 MPa (rank: 32nd) sound speed | 1260 m/s (rank: 62nd) thermal expansion | 2.89×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 10th) thermal conductivity | 35 W/(m K) (rank: 41st) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

electrical type | conductor resistivity | 2.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 4.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.7×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.25 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.028×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 7.2 K (kelvins) color | (slate gray)
electrical type | conductor resistivity | 2.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 4.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.7×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.25 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.028×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 7.2 K (kelvins) color | (slate gray)

Reactivity

valence | 4 electronegativity | 2.33 electron affinity | 35.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 715.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 715.6 kJ/mol | 1450.5 kJ/mol | 3081.5 kJ/mol | 4083 kJ/mol | 6640 kJ/mol
valence | 4 electronegativity | 2.33 electron affinity | 35.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 715.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 715.6 kJ/mol | 1450.5 kJ/mol | 3081.5 kJ/mol | 4083 kJ/mol | 6640 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

term symbol | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 180 pm covalent radius | 146 pm van der Waals radius | 202 pm (electronic ground state properties)
term symbol | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 180 pm covalent radius | 146 pm van der Waals radius | 202 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral lead atomic spectrum)
(neutral lead atomic spectrum)

Abundances

universe abundance | 1×10^-6 mass% (rank: 33rd) solar abundance | 1×10^-6 mass% (rank: 34th) meteorite abundance | 1.4×10^-4 mass% (rank: 37th) crust abundance | 9.9×10^-4 mass% (rank: 36th) ocean abundance | 3×10^-9 mass% (rank: 46th) human abundance | 1.7×10^-4 mass% (rank: 19th) universe molar abundance | 6×10^-9 mol% (rank: 47th) solar molar abundance | 7×10^-9 mol% (rank: 39th) meteorite molar abundance | 1×10^-5 mol% (rank: 43rd) ocean molar abundance | 9×10^-11 mol% (rank: 60th) crust molar abundance | 9.9×10^-5 mol% (rank: 39th) human molar abundance | 5×10^-6 mol% (rank: 22nd)
universe abundance | 1×10^-6 mass% (rank: 33rd) solar abundance | 1×10^-6 mass% (rank: 34th) meteorite abundance | 1.4×10^-4 mass% (rank: 37th) crust abundance | 9.9×10^-4 mass% (rank: 36th) ocean abundance | 3×10^-9 mass% (rank: 46th) human abundance | 1.7×10^-4 mass% (rank: 19th) universe molar abundance | 6×10^-9 mol% (rank: 47th) solar molar abundance | 7×10^-9 mol% (rank: 39th) meteorite molar abundance | 1×10^-5 mol% (rank: 43rd) ocean molar abundance | 9×10^-11 mol% (rank: 60th) crust molar abundance | 9.9×10^-5 mol% (rank: 39th) human molar abundance | 5×10^-6 mol% (rank: 22nd)

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