yttrium vs technetium vs ruthenium

yttrium (chemical element) | technetium (chemical element) | ruthenium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| yttrium | technetium | ruthenium atomic symbol | Y | Tc | Ru atomic number | 39 | 43 | 44 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^1 | [Kr]5s^24d^5 | [Kr]5s^14d^7 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s | 4d 5s | 4d 5s block | d | d | d group | 3 | 7 | 8 period | 5 | 5 | 5 atomic mass | 88.90584 u | 98 u | 101.07 u half-life | (stable) | 0.21 Myr | (stable)

| yttrium | technetium | ruthenium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1526 °C | 2157 °C | 2334 °C boiling point | 3345 °C | 4265 °C | 4150 °C molar heat of fusion | 11.4 kJ/mol | 23 kJ/mol | 25.7 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 380 kJ/mol | 550 kJ/mol | 580 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 298 J/(kg K) | 63 J/(kg K) | 238 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| yttrium | technetium | ruthenium density | 4.472 g/cm^3 | 11.5 g/cm^3 | 12.37 g/cm^3 liquid density | 4.24 g/cm^3 | | 10.65 g/cm^3 molar volume | 19.88 cm^3/mol | 8.5 cm^3/mol | 8.171 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) Vickers hardness | | | 2300 MPa Brinell hardness | 589 MPa | | 2160 MPa bulk modulus | 41 GPa | | 220 GPa shear modulus | 26 GPa | | 173 GPa Young's modulus | 64 GPa | | 447 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.24 | | 0.3 tensile yield strength | 67 MPa | 1.29 GPa | ultimate tensile strength | 150 MPa | 1.51 GPa | sound speed | 3300 m/s | | 5970 m/s thermal expansion | 1.06×10^-5 K^(-1) | | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 17 W/(m K) | 51 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| yttrium | technetium | ruthenium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 5.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.978×10^-4 | 3.933×10^-4 | 6.7×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.66×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 3.42×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 5.42×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.921×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.352×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.48×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.1 eV (Polycrystalline) | | 4.71 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 7.496×10^14 Hz (hertz) | | 1.139×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 1.3 K (kelvins) | 7.8 K (kelvins) | 0.49 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| yttrium | technetium | ruthenium valence | 3 | 6 | 6 electronegativity | 1.22 | 1.9 | 2.2 electron affinity | 29.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 53 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 101.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 600 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 702 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 710.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 600 kJ/mol | 1180 kJ/mol | 1980 kJ/mol | 5847 kJ/mol | 7430 kJ/mol | 8970 kJ/mol | 11190 kJ/mol | 12450 kJ/mol | 14110 kJ/mol | 18400 kJ/mol | 702 kJ/mol | 1470 kJ/mol | 2850 kJ/mol | 710.2 kJ/mol | 1620 kJ/mol | 2747 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| yttrium | technetium | ruthenium term symbol | ^2D_(3/2) | ^6S_(5/2) | ^5F_5 atomic radius | 180 pm | 135 pm | 130 pm covalent radius | 190 pm | 147 pm | 146 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| yttrium | technetium | ruthenium universe abundance | 7×10^-7 mass% | | 4×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 1×10^-6 mass% | 0 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.9×10^-4 mass% | 0 mass% | 8.1×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 0.0029 mass% | 0 mass% | 9.9×10^-8 mass% ocean abundance | 1.3×10^-9 mass% | 0 mass% | 7×10^-11 mass% human abundance | | 0 mass% | universe molar abundance | 1×10^-8 mol% | | 5×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-9 mol% | 0 mol% | 6×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 4.3×10^-5 mol% | 0 mol% | 1.6×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 9×10^-11 mol% | 0 mol% | 4.3×10^-12 mol% crust molar abundance | 6.7×10^-4 mol% | 0 mol% | 2×10^-8 mol% human molar abundance | | 0 mol% |

| yttrium | technetium | ruthenium half-life | (stable) | 0.21 Myr | (stable) specific radioactivity | | 32.68 MBq/g | decay mode | | beta decay | stable isotopes | Y-89 (100%) | | Ru-102 (31.55%) | ... unstable isotopes | Y-88 (106.626 days) | ... | Tc-98 (4.2 Myr) | ... | Ru-106 (371.8 days) | ...