Input interpretation
gold (chemical element)
Current commodity price
€1675.68 per troy ounce
Periodic table location
Periodic table location
Image
Image
Basic elemental properties
![atomic symbol | Au atomic number | 79 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^14f^145d^10 Aufbau diagram | 5d 4f 6s block | d group | 11 period | 6 atomic mass | 196.966569 u (unified atomic mass units)](../image_source/4c5689c2c4708b0cfceb6af3394a2cdd.png)
atomic symbol | Au atomic number | 79 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^14f^145d^10 Aufbau diagram | 5d 4f 6s block | d group | 11 period | 6 atomic mass | 196.966569 u (unified atomic mass units)
Thermodynamic properties
phase at STP | solid melting point | 1064.18 °C (rank: 45th) boiling point | 2856 °C (rank: 40th) molar heat of fusion | 12.5 kJ/mol (rank: 40th) molar heat of vaporization | 330 kJ/mol (rank: 34th) specific heat at STP | 129.1 J/(kg K) (rank: 78th) (properties at standard conditions)
Material properties
density | 19.3 g/cm^3 (rank: 7th) liquid density | 17.31 g/cm^3 molar volume | 10.2 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) Vickers hardness | 216 MPa (rank: 41st) Brinell hardness | 2450 MPa (rank: 4th) bulk modulus | 220 GPa (rank: 8th) shear modulus | 27 GPa Young's modulus | 78 GPa (rank: 25th) Poisson ratio | 0.44 (rank: 2nd) ultimate tensile strength | 120 MPa (rank: 26th) sound speed | 1740 m/s (rank: 56th) thermal expansion | 1.42×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 21st) thermal conductivity | 320 W/(m K) (rank: 3rd) (properties at standard conditions)
Electromagnetic properties
electrical type | conductor resistivity | 2.2×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 4.5×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -3.44×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.78×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.51×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (5.31 to 5.47) eV threshold frequency | (1.284×10^15 to 1.323×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (gold) (work function range from 3 different crystalline orientations)
Reactivity
valence | 5 electronegativity | 2.54 electron affinity | 222.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 890.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 890.1 kJ/mol | 1980 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Atomic properties
term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 135 pm covalent radius | 136 pm van der Waals radius | 166 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral gold atomic spectrum)
Abundances
universe abundance | 6×10^-8 mass% (rank: 68th) solar abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% (rank: 57th) meteorite abundance | 1.7×10^-5 mass% (rank: 58th) crust abundance | 3.1×10^-7 mass% (rank: 74th) ocean abundance | 5×10^-9 mass% (rank: 43rd) human abundance | 1×10^-5 mass% (rank: 28th) universe molar abundance | 4×10^-10 mol% (rank: 68th) solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-10 mol% (rank: 53rd) meteorite molar abundance | 2×10^-6 mol% (rank: 56th) ocean molar abundance | 1.6×10^-10 mol% (rank: 58th) crust molar abundance | 3×10^-8 mol% (rank: 76th) human molar abundance | 3×10^-7 mol% (rank: 36th)