Input interpretation
H_2S hydrogen sulfide + Sc2(SO4)3 ⟶ H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + Sc_2S_3 scandium sulfide
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2S + Sc2(SO4)3 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + Sc_2S_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2S + c_2 Sc2(SO4)3 ⟶ c_3 H_2SO_4 + c_4 Sc_2S_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, S, Sc and O: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 S: | c_1 + 3 c_2 = c_3 + 3 c_4 Sc: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_4 O: | 12 c_2 = 4 c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 3 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 3 H_2S + Sc2(SO4)3 ⟶ 3 H_2SO_4 + Sc_2S_3
Structures
+ Sc2(SO4)3 ⟶ +
Names
hydrogen sulfide + Sc2(SO4)3 ⟶ sulfuric acid + scandium sulfide
Equilibrium constant
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2S + Sc2(SO4)3 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + Sc_2S_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 H_2S + Sc2(SO4)3 ⟶ 3 H_2SO_4 + Sc_2S_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2S | 3 | -3 Sc2(SO4)3 | 1 | -1 H_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 Sc_2S_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2S | 3 | -3 | ([H2S])^(-3) Sc2(SO4)3 | 1 | -1 | ([Sc2(SO4)3])^(-1) H_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 | ([H2SO4])^3 Sc_2S_3 | 1 | 1 | [Sc2S3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2S])^(-3) ([Sc2(SO4)3])^(-1) ([H2SO4])^3 [Sc2S3] = (([H2SO4])^3 [Sc2S3])/(([H2S])^3 [Sc2(SO4)3])
Rate of reaction
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2S + Sc2(SO4)3 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + Sc_2S_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 H_2S + Sc2(SO4)3 ⟶ 3 H_2SO_4 + Sc_2S_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2S | 3 | -3 Sc2(SO4)3 | 1 | -1 H_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 Sc_2S_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2S | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[H2S])/(Δt) Sc2(SO4)3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Sc2(SO4)3])/(Δt) H_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) Sc_2S_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Sc2S3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/3 (Δ[H2S])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Sc2(SO4)3])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = (Δ[Sc2S3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
| hydrogen sulfide | Sc2(SO4)3 | sulfuric acid | scandium sulfide formula | H_2S | Sc2(SO4)3 | H_2SO_4 | Sc_2S_3 Hill formula | H_2S | O12S3Sc2 | H_2O_4S | S_3Sc_2 name | hydrogen sulfide | | sulfuric acid | scandium sulfide
Substance properties
| hydrogen sulfide | Sc2(SO4)3 | sulfuric acid | scandium sulfide molar mass | 34.08 g/mol | 378.1 g/mol | 98.07 g/mol | 186.1 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | melting point | -85 °C | | 10.371 °C | 1775 °C boiling point | -60 °C | | 279.6 °C | density | 0.001393 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | 2.91 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | | very soluble | surface tension | | | 0.0735 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 1.239×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | | | odorless |
Units