group 11 elements

group 11 elements

copper | silver | gold | roentgenium

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration copper | Cu | 29 | [Ar]4s^13d^10 silver | Ag | 47 | [Kr]5s^14d^10 gold | Au | 79 | [Xe]6s^14f^145d^10 roentgenium | Rg | 111 | [Rn]7s^15f^146d^10 | Aufbau diagram | block | group copper | 3d 4s | d | 11 silver | 4d 5s | d | 11 gold | 5d 4f 6s | d | 11 roentgenium | 6d 5f 7s | d | 11 | period | atomic mass | half-life copper | 4 | 63.546 u | (stable) silver | 5 | 107.8682 u | (stable) gold | 6 | 196.966569 u | (stable) roentgenium | 7 | 281 u | 10 min

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 1064.18 °C | highest | 1084.62 °C (copper) | lowest | 961.78 °C (silver) boiling point | median | 2562 °C | highest | 2856 °C (gold) | lowest | 2162 °C (silver) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 12.5 kJ/mol | highest | 13.1 kJ/mol (copper) | lowest | 11.3 kJ/mol (silver) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 300 kJ/mol | highest | 330 kJ/mol (gold) | lowest | 255 kJ/mol (silver) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 235 J/(kg K) | highest | 384.4 J/(kg K) (copper) | lowest | 129.1 J/(kg K) (gold) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 10.49 g/cm^3 | highest | 19.3 g/cm^3 (gold) | lowest | 8.96 g/cm^3 (copper) | distribution | liquid density | median | 9.32 g/cm^3 | highest | 17.31 g/cm^3 (gold) | lowest | 8.02 g/cm^3 (copper) molar volume | median | 10.2 cm^3/mol | highest | 10.283 cm^3/mol (silver) | lowest | 7.092 cm^3/mol (copper) Mohs hardness | median | 2.5 | highest | 3 (≈ calcite) (copper) | lowest | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) (silver and gold) Vickers hardness | all | 216 MPa | 251 MPa | 369 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 24.5 MPa | 874 MPa | 2450 MPa bulk modulus | median | 140 GPa | highest | 220 GPa (gold) | lowest | 100 GPa (silver) shear modulus | median | 30 GPa | highest | 48 GPa (copper) | lowest | 27 GPa (gold) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 83 GPa | highest | 130 GPa (copper) | lowest | 78 GPa (gold) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.44 ultimate tensile strength | all | 120 MPa | 140 MPa sound speed | median | 2600 m/s | highest | 3570 m/s (copper) | lowest | 1740 m/s (gold) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 1.65×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 1.89×10^-5 K^(-1) (silver) | lowest | 1.42×10^-5 K^(-1) (gold) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 400 W/(m K) | highest | 430 W/(m K) (silver) | lowest | 320 W/(m K) (gold) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 1.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 2.2×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (gold) | lowest | 1.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (silver) electrical conductivity | median | 5.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 6.2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (silver) | lowest | 4.5×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (gold) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | -2.38×10^-5 | highest | -9.63×10^-6 (copper) | lowest | -3.44×10^-5 (gold) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.78×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | -1.08×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (copper) | lowest | -2.27×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (silver) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | -2.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | -6.86×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (copper) | lowest | -3.51×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (gold) | distribution | work function | all | (4.48 to 5.1) eV | (4.52 to 4.74) eV | (5.31 to 5.47) eV

valence | median | 2 | highest | 5 (gold) | lowest | 1 (silver) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.93 | highest | 2.54 (gold) | lowest | 1.9 (copper) electron affinity | median | 125.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 222.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (gold) | lowest | 118.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (copper) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 745.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 890.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (gold) | lowest | 731 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (silver)

term symbol | all | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | median | 135 pm | highest | 160 pm (silver) | lowest | 135 pm (copper and gold) covalent radius | median | 136 pm | highest | 145 pm (silver) | lowest | 132 pm (copper) | distribution | van der Waals radius | median | 166 pm | highest | 172 pm (silver) | lowest | 140 pm (copper) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 6×10^-8 mass% | highest | 6×10^-6 mass% (copper) | lowest | 6×10^-8 mass% (silver and gold) solar abundance | median | 1×10^-7 mass% | highest | 7×10^-5 mass% (copper) | lowest | 0 mass% (roentgenium) meteorite abundance | median | 1.6×10^-5 mass% | highest | 0.011 mass% (copper) | lowest | 0 mass% (roentgenium) crust abundance | median | 4.1×10^-6 mass% | highest | 0.0068 mass% (copper) | lowest | 0 mass% (roentgenium) ocean abundance | median | 7.5×10^-9 mass% | highest | 3×10^-7 mass% (copper) | lowest | 0 mass% (roentgenium) human abundance | median | 1×10^-5 mass% | highest | 1×10^-4 mass% (copper) | lowest | 0 mass% (roentgenium) universe molar abundance | median | 7×10^-10 mol% | highest | 1×10^-7 mol% (copper) | lowest | 4×10^-10 mol% (gold) solar molar abundance | median | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | highest | 9.9×10^-7 mol% (copper) | lowest | 0 mol% (roentgenium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 2×10^-6 mol% | highest | 0.0031 mol% (copper) | lowest | 0 mol% (roentgenium) ocean molar abundance | median | 3.7×10^-10 mol% | highest | 2.9×10^-8 mol% (copper) | lowest | 0 mol% (roentgenium) crust molar abundance | median | 1×10^-6 mol% | highest | 0.0022 mol% (copper) | lowest | 0 mol% (roentgenium) human molar abundance | median | 3×10^-7 mol% | highest | 9.9×10^-6 mol% (copper) | lowest | 0 mol% (roentgenium)