Input interpretation
poor metals
Members
aluminum | gallium | indium | tin | thallium | lead | bismuth | nihonium | flerovium | moscovium | livermorium (total: 11)
Periodic table location
Periodic table location
Images
Images
Basic elemental properties
atomic symbol | all | Al | Bi | Fl | Ga | In | Lv | Mc | Nh | Pb | Sn | Tl atomic number | median | 82 | highest | 116 (livermorium) | lowest | 13 (aluminum) | distribution | block | all | p group | all | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 period | all | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 atomic mass | median | 207.2 u | highest | 293 u (livermorium) | lowest | 26.9815385 u (aluminum) | distribution | half-life | median | 80 s | highest | 1.9×10^19 yr (bismuth) | lowest | 120 ms (livermorium)
Thermodynamic properties
phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 271.3 °C | highest | 660.32 °C (aluminum) | lowest | 29.76 °C (gallium) | distribution | boiling point | median | 2072 °C | highest | 2602 °C (tin) | lowest | 1473 °C (thallium) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 5.59 kJ/mol | highest | 10.9 kJ/mol (bismuth) | lowest | 3.26 kJ/mol (indium) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 230 kJ/mol | highest | 293 kJ/mol (aluminum) | lowest | 160 kJ/mol (bismuth) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 217 J/(kg K) | highest | 904 J/(kg K) (aluminum) | lowest | 122 J/(kg K) (bismuth) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)
Material properties
density | median | 7.31 g/cm^3 | highest | 11.85 g/cm^3 (thallium) | lowest | 2.7 g/cm^3 (aluminum) | distribution | liquid density | median | 7.02 g/cm^3 | highest | 11.22 g/cm^3 (thallium) | lowest | 2.375 g/cm^3 (aluminum) | distribution | molar volume | median | 16.24 cm^3/mol | highest | 21.37 cm^3/mol (bismuth) | lowest | 10 cm^3/mol (aluminum) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 1.5 | highest | 2.75 (between calcite and gypsum) (aluminum) | lowest | 1.2 (between talc and gypsum) (indium and thallium) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 167 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 8.83 MPa | 26.4 MPa | 38.3 MPa | 51 MPa | 60 MPa | 94.2 MPa | 245 MPa bulk modulus | median | 46 GPa | highest | 76 GPa (aluminum) | lowest | 31 GPa (bismuth) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 12 GPa | highest | 26 GPa (aluminum) | lowest | 2.8 GPa (thallium) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 24 GPa | highest | 70 GPa (aluminum) | lowest | 8 GPa (thallium) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.45 ultimate tensile strength | all | 4 MPa | 7 MPa | 18 MPa | 220 MPa sound speed | median | 1790 m/s | highest | 5100 m/s (aluminum) | lowest | 818 m/s (thallium) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 2.89×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 1.2×10^-4 K^(-1) (gallium) | lowest | 1.34×10^-5 K^(-1) (bismuth) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 46 W/(m K) | highest | 235 W/(m K) (aluminum) | lowest | 8 W/(m K) (bismuth) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)
Electromagnetic properties
resistivity | median | 1.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1.3×10^-6 Ω m (ohm meters) (bismuth) | lowest | 2.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (aluminum) electrical conductivity | median | 7.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 3.8×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (aluminum) | lowest | 770000 S/m (siemens per meter) (bismuth) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.77×10^-5 | highest | 2.11×10^-5 (aluminum) | lowest | -1.7×10^-4 (bismuth) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 7.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (aluminum) | lowest | -1.7×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (bismuth) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | -3.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 2.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (aluminum) | lowest | -3.6×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (bismuth) | distribution | work function | all | 3.84 eV | 4.09 eV | 4.25 eV | 4.32 eV | 4.34 eV | 4.42 eV | (4.06 to 4.26) eV superconducting point | median | 2.9 K (kelvins) | highest | 7.2 K (kelvins) (lead) | lowest | 1.083 K (kelvins) (gallium) | distribution |
Reactivity
valence | median | 3 | highest | 5 (bismuth) | lowest | 3 (4 elements) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.81 | highest | 2.33 (lead) | lowest | 1.61 (aluminum) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 35.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 107.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (tin) | lowest | 19.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (thallium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 589.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 715.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lead) | lowest | 558.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (indium)
Atomic properties
term symbol | all | ^2P_(1/2) | ^3P_0 | ^3P_2 | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | median | 155 pm | highest | 190 pm (thallium) | lowest | 125 pm (aluminum) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 142 pm | highest | 148 pm (bismuth) | lowest | 121 pm (aluminum) | distribution | van der Waals radius | median | 196 pm | highest | 217 pm (tin) | lowest | 187 pm (gallium) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)