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polonium vs barium vs praseodymium

Input interpretation

polonium (chemical element) | barium (chemical element) | praseodymium (chemical element)
polonium (chemical element) | barium (chemical element) | praseodymium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| polonium | barium | praseodymium atomic symbol | Po | Ba | Pr atomic number | 84 | 56 | 59 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^4 | [Xe]6s^2 | [Xe]6s^24f^3 Aufbau diagram | 6p 5d 4f 6s | 6s | 4f 6s block | p | s | f group | 16 | 2 | period | 6 | 6 | 6 atomic mass | 209 u | 137.327 u | 140.90766 u half-life | 102 yr | (stable) | (stable)
| polonium | barium | praseodymium atomic symbol | Po | Ba | Pr atomic number | 84 | 56 | 59 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^4 | [Xe]6s^2 | [Xe]6s^24f^3 Aufbau diagram | 6p 5d 4f 6s | 6s | 4f 6s block | p | s | f group | 16 | 2 | period | 6 | 6 | 6 atomic mass | 209 u | 137.327 u | 140.90766 u half-life | 102 yr | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| polonium | barium | praseodymium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 254 °C | 727 °C | 931 °C boiling point | 962 °C | 1870 °C | 3290 °C molar heat of fusion | 13 kJ/mol | 8 kJ/mol | 6.9 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 100 kJ/mol | 140 kJ/mol | 330 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | | 205 J/(kg K) | 193 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
| polonium | barium | praseodymium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 254 °C | 727 °C | 931 °C boiling point | 962 °C | 1870 °C | 3290 °C molar heat of fusion | 13 kJ/mol | 8 kJ/mol | 6.9 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 100 kJ/mol | 140 kJ/mol | 330 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | | 205 J/(kg K) | 193 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| polonium | barium | praseodymium density | 9.196 g/cm^3 | 3.51 g/cm^3 | 6.64 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 3.338 g/cm^3 | 6.5 g/cm^3 molar volume | 22.7 cm^3/mol | 39.12 cm^3/mol | 21.22 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 1.25 (between talc and gypsum) | 1.4 (between talc and gypsum) Vickers hardness | | (unknown) | 400 MPa Brinell hardness | | | 481 MPa bulk modulus | | 9.6 GPa | 29 GPa shear modulus | | 4.9 GPa | 15 GPa Young's modulus | | 13 GPa | 37 GPa Poisson ratio | | | 0.28 tensile yield strength | | | 100 MPa ultimate tensile strength | | | 110 MPa sound speed | | 1620 m/s | 2280 m/s thermal expansion | | 2.06×10^-5 K^(-1) | 6.7×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | | 18 W/(m K) | 13 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| polonium | barium | praseodymium density | 9.196 g/cm^3 | 3.51 g/cm^3 | 6.64 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 3.338 g/cm^3 | 6.5 g/cm^3 molar volume | 22.7 cm^3/mol | 39.12 cm^3/mol | 21.22 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 1.25 (between talc and gypsum) | 1.4 (between talc and gypsum) Vickers hardness | | (unknown) | 400 MPa Brinell hardness | | | 481 MPa bulk modulus | | 9.6 GPa | 29 GPa shear modulus | | 4.9 GPa | 15 GPa Young's modulus | | 13 GPa | 37 GPa Poisson ratio | | | 0.28 tensile yield strength | | | 100 MPa ultimate tensile strength | | | 110 MPa sound speed | | 1620 m/s | 2280 m/s thermal expansion | | 2.06×10^-5 K^(-1) | 6.7×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | | 18 W/(m K) | 13 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| polonium | barium | praseodymium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.9×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | | 3.966×10^-5 | 0.0028087 mass magnetic susceptibility | | 1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 4.23×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | | 1.552×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.9604×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | 2.52 eV (Polycrystalline) | threshold frequency | | 6.093×10^14 Hz (hertz) | color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)
| polonium | barium | praseodymium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.9×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | | 3.966×10^-5 | 0.0028087 mass magnetic susceptibility | | 1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 4.23×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | | 1.552×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.9604×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | 2.52 eV (Polycrystalline) | threshold frequency | | 6.093×10^14 Hz (hertz) | color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

Reactivity

| polonium | barium | praseodymium valence | 6 | 2 | 4 electronegativity | 2 | 0.89 | 1.13 electron affinity | 183.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 13.95 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 812.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 502.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 527 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 812.1 kJ/mol | 502.9 kJ/mol | 965.2 kJ/mol | 3600 kJ/mol | 527 kJ/mol | 1020 kJ/mol | 2086 kJ/mol | 3761 kJ/mol | 5551 kJ/mol
| polonium | barium | praseodymium valence | 6 | 2 | 4 electronegativity | 2 | 0.89 | 1.13 electron affinity | 183.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 13.95 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 812.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 502.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 527 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 812.1 kJ/mol | 502.9 kJ/mol | 965.2 kJ/mol | 3600 kJ/mol | 527 kJ/mol | 1020 kJ/mol | 2086 kJ/mol | 3761 kJ/mol | 5551 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| polonium | barium | praseodymium term symbol | ^3P_2 | ^1S_0 | ^4I_(9/2) atomic radius | 190 pm | 215 pm | 185 pm covalent radius | 140 pm | 215 pm | 203 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| polonium | barium | praseodymium term symbol | ^3P_2 | ^1S_0 | ^4I_(9/2) atomic radius | 190 pm | 215 pm | 185 pm covalent radius | 140 pm | 215 pm | 203 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| polonium | barium | praseodymium universe abundance | | 1×10^-6 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | | 1×10^-6 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | | 2.7×10^-4 mass% | 9.8×10^-6 mass% crust abundance | | 0.034 mass% | 8.6×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 2×10^-18 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% | 6×10^-11 mass% human abundance | 0 mass% | 3×10^-5 mass% | universe molar abundance | | 9×10^-9 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | | 9.9×10^-9 mol% | 5×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | | 4.1×10^-5 mol% | 1×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 6×10^-6 mol% | 1.4×10^-7 mol% | 2.6×10^-12 mol% crust molar abundance | | 0.0051 mol% | 1.3×10^-4 mol% human molar abundance | 0 mol% | 1.4×10^-6 mol% |
| polonium | barium | praseodymium universe abundance | | 1×10^-6 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | | 1×10^-6 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | | 2.7×10^-4 mass% | 9.8×10^-6 mass% crust abundance | | 0.034 mass% | 8.6×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 2×10^-18 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% | 6×10^-11 mass% human abundance | 0 mass% | 3×10^-5 mass% | universe molar abundance | | 9×10^-9 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | | 9.9×10^-9 mol% | 5×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | | 4.1×10^-5 mol% | 1×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 6×10^-6 mol% | 1.4×10^-7 mol% | 2.6×10^-12 mol% crust molar abundance | | 0.0051 mol% | 1.3×10^-4 mol% human molar abundance | 0 mol% | 1.4×10^-6 mol% |

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