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magnesium, beryllium, cesium

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magnesium (chemical element) | beryllium (chemical element) | cesium (chemical element)
magnesium (chemical element) | beryllium (chemical element) | cesium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| magnesium | beryllium | cesium atomic symbol | Mg | Be | Cs atomic number | 12 | 4 | 55 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^2 | [He]2s^2 | [Xe]6s^1 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 2s | 6s block | s | s | s group | 2 | 2 | 1 period | 3 | 2 | 6 atomic mass | 24.305 u | 9.0121831 u | 132.90545196 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| magnesium | beryllium | cesium atomic symbol | Mg | Be | Cs atomic number | 12 | 4 | 55 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^2 | [He]2s^2 | [Xe]6s^1 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 2s | 6s block | s | s | s group | 2 | 2 | 1 period | 3 | 2 | 6 atomic mass | 24.305 u | 9.0121831 u | 132.90545196 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| magnesium | beryllium | cesium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 650 °C | 1287 °C | 28.44 °C boiling point | 1090 °C | 2470 °C | 671 °C critical temperature | (unknown) | | 1938 K critical pressure | (unknown) | | 9.4 MPa molar heat of fusion | 8.7 kJ/mol | 7.95 kJ/mol | 2.09 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 128 kJ/mol | 297 kJ/mol | 65 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1020 J/(kg K) | 1820 J/(kg K) | 242 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
| magnesium | beryllium | cesium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 650 °C | 1287 °C | 28.44 °C boiling point | 1090 °C | 2470 °C | 671 °C critical temperature | (unknown) | | 1938 K critical pressure | (unknown) | | 9.4 MPa molar heat of fusion | 8.7 kJ/mol | 7.95 kJ/mol | 2.09 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 128 kJ/mol | 297 kJ/mol | 65 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1020 J/(kg K) | 1820 J/(kg K) | 242 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| magnesium | beryllium | cesium density | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 1.848 g/cm^3 | 1.879 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.584 g/cm^3 | 1.69 g/cm^3 | 1.843 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 4.877 cm^3/mol | 70.73 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 5.5 (between apatite and microcline) | 0.2 (between talc and gypsum) Vickers hardness | (unknown) | 1670 MPa | Brinell hardness | 260 MPa | 600 MPa | 0.14 MPa bulk modulus | 45 GPa | 130 GPa | 1.6 GPa shear modulus | 17 GPa | 132 GPa | Young's modulus | 45 GPa | 287 GPa | 1.7 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.29 | 0.032 | tensile yield strength | | 240 MPa | ultimate tensile strength | | 370 MPa | sound speed | 4602 m/s | 13000 m/s | thermal expansion | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.13×10^-5 K^(-1) | thermal conductivity | 160 W/(m K) | 190 W/(m K) | 36 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| magnesium | beryllium | cesium density | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 1.848 g/cm^3 | 1.879 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.584 g/cm^3 | 1.69 g/cm^3 | 1.843 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 4.877 cm^3/mol | 70.73 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 5.5 (between apatite and microcline) | 0.2 (between talc and gypsum) Vickers hardness | (unknown) | 1670 MPa | Brinell hardness | 260 MPa | 600 MPa | 0.14 MPa bulk modulus | 45 GPa | 130 GPa | 1.6 GPa shear modulus | 17 GPa | 132 GPa | Young's modulus | 45 GPa | 287 GPa | 1.7 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.29 | 0.032 | tensile yield strength | | 240 MPa | ultimate tensile strength | | 370 MPa | sound speed | 4602 m/s | 13000 m/s | thermal expansion | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.13×10^-5 K^(-1) | thermal conductivity | 160 W/(m K) | 190 W/(m K) | 36 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| magnesium | beryllium | cesium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.5×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.2×10^-5 | -2.328×10^-5 | 5.26×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.26×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.136×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.72×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.98 eV (Polycrystalline) | 1.95 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 1.204×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 4.715×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | (unknown) | 0.026 K (kelvins) | color | (silver) | (slate gray) | (yellow)
| magnesium | beryllium | cesium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.5×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.2×10^-5 | -2.328×10^-5 | 5.26×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.26×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.136×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.72×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.98 eV (Polycrystalline) | 1.95 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 1.204×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 4.715×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | (unknown) | 0.026 K (kelvins) | color | (silver) | (slate gray) | (yellow)

Reactivity

| magnesium | beryllium | cesium valence | 2 | 2 | 1 electronegativity | 1.31 | 1.57 | 0.79 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 45.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 899.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 375.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 899.5 kJ/mol | 1757.1 kJ/mol | 14848.7 kJ/mol | 21006.6 kJ/mol | 375.7 kJ/mol | 2234.3 kJ/mol | 3400 kJ/mol
| magnesium | beryllium | cesium valence | 2 | 2 | 1 electronegativity | 1.31 | 1.57 | 0.79 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 45.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 899.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 375.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 899.5 kJ/mol | 1757.1 kJ/mol | 14848.7 kJ/mol | 21006.6 kJ/mol | 375.7 kJ/mol | 2234.3 kJ/mol | 3400 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| magnesium | beryllium | cesium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 150 pm | 105 pm | 260 pm covalent radius | 141 pm | 96 pm | 244 pm van der Waals radius | 173 pm | | (electronic ground state properties)
| magnesium | beryllium | cesium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 150 pm | 105 pm | 260 pm covalent radius | 141 pm | 96 pm | 244 pm van der Waals radius | 173 pm | | (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| magnesium | beryllium | cesium universe abundance | 0.06 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% | 8×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | 0.07 mass% | 1×10^-8 mass% | 8×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 12 mass% | 2.9×10^-6 mass% | 1.4×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 2.9 mass% | 1.9×10^-4 mass% | 1.9×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 0.13 mass% | 6×10^-11 mass% | 5×10^-8 mass% human abundance | 0.027 mass% | 4×10^-8 mass% | 2×10^-6 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% | 1×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 7×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 10 mol% | 7×10^-6 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.034 mol% | 4.1×10^-11 mol% | 2.3×10^-9 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.5 mol% | 4.3×10^-4 mol% | 2.9×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 0.007 mol% | 3×10^-8 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol%
| magnesium | beryllium | cesium universe abundance | 0.06 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% | 8×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | 0.07 mass% | 1×10^-8 mass% | 8×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 12 mass% | 2.9×10^-6 mass% | 1.4×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 2.9 mass% | 1.9×10^-4 mass% | 1.9×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 0.13 mass% | 6×10^-11 mass% | 5×10^-8 mass% human abundance | 0.027 mass% | 4×10^-8 mass% | 2×10^-6 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% | 1×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 7×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 10 mol% | 7×10^-6 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.034 mol% | 4.1×10^-11 mol% | 2.3×10^-9 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.5 mol% | 4.3×10^-4 mol% | 2.9×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 0.007 mol% | 3×10^-8 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol%

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