Ag, Al, Au

silver (chemical element) | aluminum (chemical element) | gold (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| silver | aluminum | gold atomic symbol | Ag | Al | Au atomic number | 47 | 13 | 79 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^14d^10 | [Ne]3s^23p^1 | [Xe]6s^14f^145d^10 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s | 3p 3s | 5d 4f 6s block | d | p | d group | 11 | 13 | 11 period | 5 | 3 | 6 atomic mass | 107.8682 u | 26.9815385 u | 196.966569 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| silver | aluminum | gold phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 961.78 °C | 660.32 °C | 1064.18 °C boiling point | 2162 °C | 2519 °C | 2856 °C molar heat of fusion | 11.3 kJ/mol | 10.7 kJ/mol | 12.5 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 255 kJ/mol | 293 kJ/mol | 330 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 235 J/(kg K) | 904 J/(kg K) | 129.1 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| silver | aluminum | gold density | 10.49 g/cm^3 | 2.7 g/cm^3 | 19.3 g/cm^3 liquid density | 9.32 g/cm^3 | 2.375 g/cm^3 | 17.31 g/cm^3 molar volume | 10.283 cm^3/mol | 10 cm^3/mol | 10.2 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 2.75 (between calcite and gypsum) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) Vickers hardness | 251 MPa | 167 MPa | 216 MPa Brinell hardness | 24.5 MPa | 245 MPa | 2450 MPa bulk modulus | 100 GPa | 76 GPa | 220 GPa shear modulus | 30 GPa | 26 GPa | 27 GPa Young's modulus | 83 GPa | 70 GPa | 78 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.44 ultimate tensile strength | 140 MPa | | 120 MPa sound speed | 2600 m/s | 5100 m/s | 1740 m/s thermal expansion | 1.89×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.31×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.42×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 430 W/(m K) | 235 W/(m K) | 320 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| silver | aluminum | gold electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2.2×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 6.2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 3.8×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 4.5×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | paramagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.38×10^-5 | 2.11×10^-5 | -3.44×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -2.27×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 7.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.78×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -2.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.51×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (4.52 to 4.74) eV | (4.06 to 4.26) eV | (5.31 to 5.47) eV threshold frequency | (1.093×10^15 to 1.146×10^15) Hz (hertz) | (9.817×10^14 to 1.03×10^15) Hz (hertz) | (1.284×10^15 to 1.323×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 1.175 K (kelvins) | color | (silver) | (silver) | (gold)

| silver | aluminum | gold valence | 1 | 3 | 5 electronegativity | 1.93 | 1.61 | 2.54 electron affinity | 125.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 42.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 222.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 731 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 577.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 890.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 731 kJ/mol | 2070 kJ/mol | 3361 kJ/mol | 577.5 kJ/mol | 1816.7 kJ/mol | 2744.8 kJ/mol | 11577 kJ/mol | 14842 kJ/mol | 18379 kJ/mol | 23326 kJ/mol | 27465 kJ/mol | 31853 kJ/mol | 38473 kJ/mol | 890.1 kJ/mol | 1980 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| silver | aluminum | gold term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^2P_(1/2) | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 160 pm | 125 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 145 pm | 121 pm | 136 pm van der Waals radius | 172 pm | | 166 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| silver | aluminum | gold universe abundance | 6×10^-8 mass% | 0.005 mass% | 6×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 0.006 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.4×10^-5 mass% | 0.91 mass% | 1.7×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 7.9×10^-6 mass% | 8.1 mass% | 3.1×10^-7 mass% ocean abundance | 1×10^-8 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% | 5×10^-9 mass% human abundance | | 9×10^-5 mass% | 1×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 7×10^-10 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 4×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 3×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2×10^-6 mol% | 0.67 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 5.7×10^-10 mol% | 1.1×10^-7 mol% | 1.6×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 2×10^-6 mol% | 6.3 mol% | 3×10^-8 mol% human molar abundance | | 2.1×10^-5 mol% | 3×10^-7 mol%