Input interpretation
water + magnesium oxide ⟶ magnesium hydroxide
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O and Mg: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_3 Mg: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | + ⟶
Structures
+ ⟶
Names
water + magnesium oxide ⟶ magnesium hydroxide
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| water | magnesium oxide | magnesium hydroxide molecular enthalpy | -285.8 kJ/mol | -601.6 kJ/mol | -924.5 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -285.8 kJ/mol | -601.6 kJ/mol | -924.5 kJ/mol | H_initial = -887.4 kJ/mol | | H_final = -924.5 kJ/mol ΔH_rxn^0 | -924.5 kJ/mol - -887.4 kJ/mol = -37.07 kJ/mol (exothermic) | |
Gibbs free energy
| water | magnesium oxide | magnesium hydroxide molecular free energy | -237.1 kJ/mol | -569.3 kJ/mol | -833.5 kJ/mol total free energy | -237.1 kJ/mol | -569.3 kJ/mol | -833.5 kJ/mol | G_initial = -806.4 kJ/mol | | G_final = -833.5 kJ/mol ΔG_rxn^0 | -833.5 kJ/mol - -806.4 kJ/mol = -27.1 kJ/mol (exergonic) | |
Entropy
| water | magnesium oxide | magnesium hydroxide molecular entropy | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 27 J/(mol K) | 64 J/(mol K) total entropy | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 27 J/(mol K) | 64 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 96.91 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 64 J/(mol K) ΔS_rxn^0 | 64 J/(mol K) - 96.91 J/(mol K) = -32.91 J/(mol K) (exoentropic) | |
Chemical names and formulas
| water | magnesium oxide | magnesium hydroxide Hill formula | H_2O | MgO | H_2MgO_2 name | water | magnesium oxide | magnesium hydroxide IUPAC name | water | oxomagnesium | magnesium dihydroxide
Substance properties
| water | magnesium oxide | magnesium hydroxide molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 40.304 g/mol | 58.319 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 0 °C | 2852 °C | 350 °C boiling point | 99.9839 °C | 3600 °C | density | 1 g/cm^3 | 3.58 g/cm^3 | 2.3446 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | | insoluble surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | odorless | odorless |
Units
