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CO2 + Mg(OH)2 = H2O + MgCO3

Input interpretation

CO_2 carbon dioxide + Mg(OH)_2 magnesium hydroxide ⟶ H_2O water + MgCO_3 magnesium carbonate
CO_2 carbon dioxide + Mg(OH)_2 magnesium hydroxide ⟶ H_2O water + MgCO_3 magnesium carbonate

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: CO_2 + Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + MgCO_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 CO_2 + c_2 Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 MgCO_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for C, O, H and Mg: C: | c_1 = c_4 O: | 2 c_1 + 2 c_2 = c_3 + 3 c_4 H: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 Mg: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | CO_2 + Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + MgCO_3
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: CO_2 + Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + MgCO_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 CO_2 + c_2 Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 MgCO_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for C, O, H and Mg: C: | c_1 = c_4 O: | 2 c_1 + 2 c_2 = c_3 + 3 c_4 H: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 Mg: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | CO_2 + Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + MgCO_3

Structures

+ ⟶ +
+ ⟶ +

Names

carbon dioxide + magnesium hydroxide ⟶ water + magnesium carbonate
carbon dioxide + magnesium hydroxide ⟶ water + magnesium carbonate

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: CO_2 + Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + MgCO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: CO_2 + Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + MgCO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i CO_2 | 1 | -1 Mg(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 MgCO_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression CO_2 | 1 | -1 | ([CO2])^(-1) Mg(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Mg(OH)2])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] MgCO_3 | 1 | 1 | [MgCO3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([CO2])^(-1) ([Mg(OH)2])^(-1) [H2O] [MgCO3] = ([H2O] [MgCO3])/([CO2] [Mg(OH)2])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: CO_2 + Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + MgCO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: CO_2 + Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + MgCO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i CO_2 | 1 | -1 Mg(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 MgCO_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression CO_2 | 1 | -1 | ([CO2])^(-1) Mg(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Mg(OH)2])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] MgCO_3 | 1 | 1 | [MgCO3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([CO2])^(-1) ([Mg(OH)2])^(-1) [H2O] [MgCO3] = ([H2O] [MgCO3])/([CO2] [Mg(OH)2])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: CO_2 + Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + MgCO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: CO_2 + Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + MgCO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i CO_2 | 1 | -1 Mg(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 MgCO_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term CO_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[CO2])/(Δt) Mg(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Mg(OH)2])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) MgCO_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[MgCO3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[CO2])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Mg(OH)2])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[MgCO3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: CO_2 + Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + MgCO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: CO_2 + Mg(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + MgCO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i CO_2 | 1 | -1 Mg(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 MgCO_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term CO_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[CO2])/(Δt) Mg(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Mg(OH)2])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) MgCO_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[MgCO3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[CO2])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Mg(OH)2])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[MgCO3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| carbon dioxide | magnesium hydroxide | water | magnesium carbonate formula | CO_2 | Mg(OH)_2 | H_2O | MgCO_3 Hill formula | CO_2 | H_2MgO_2 | H_2O | CMgO_3 name | carbon dioxide | magnesium hydroxide | water | magnesium carbonate IUPAC name | carbon dioxide | magnesium dihydroxide | water | magnesium carbonate
| carbon dioxide | magnesium hydroxide | water | magnesium carbonate formula | CO_2 | Mg(OH)_2 | H_2O | MgCO_3 Hill formula | CO_2 | H_2MgO_2 | H_2O | CMgO_3 name | carbon dioxide | magnesium hydroxide | water | magnesium carbonate IUPAC name | carbon dioxide | magnesium dihydroxide | water | magnesium carbonate

Substance properties

| carbon dioxide | magnesium hydroxide | water | magnesium carbonate molar mass | 44.009 g/mol | 58.319 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 84.313 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | melting point | -56.56 °C (at triple point) | 350 °C | 0 °C | boiling point | -78.5 °C (at sublimation point) | | 99.9839 °C | density | 0.00184212 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) | 2.3446 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | | insoluble | | surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 1.491×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless |
| carbon dioxide | magnesium hydroxide | water | magnesium carbonate molar mass | 44.009 g/mol | 58.319 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 84.313 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | melting point | -56.56 °C (at triple point) | 350 °C | 0 °C | boiling point | -78.5 °C (at sublimation point) | | 99.9839 °C | density | 0.00184212 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) | 2.3446 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | | insoluble | | surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 1.491×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless |

Units

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