boron vs gallium vs indium

boron (chemical element) | gallium (chemical element) | indium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| boron | gallium | indium atomic symbol | B | Ga | In atomic number | 5 | 31 | 49 short electronic configuration | [He]2s^22p^1 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^1 | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^1 Aufbau diagram | 2p 2s | 4p 3d 4s | 5p 4d 5s block | p | p | p group | 13 | 13 | 13 period | 2 | 4 | 5 atomic mass | 10.81 u | 69.723 u | 114.818 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| boron | gallium | indium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 2075 °C | 29.76 °C | 156.6 °C boiling point | 4000 °C | 2204 °C | 2072 °C molar heat of fusion | 50 kJ/mol | 5.59 kJ/mol | 3.26 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 507 kJ/mol | 256 kJ/mol | 230 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1030 J/(kg K) | 371 J/(kg K) | 233 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| boron | gallium | indium density | 2.46 g/cm^3 | 5.904 g/cm^3 | 7.31 g/cm^3 liquid density | 2.08 g/cm^3 | 6.095 g/cm^3 | 7.02 g/cm^3 molar volume | 4.394 cm^3/mol | 11.81 cm^3/mol | 15.71 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 9.3 (between corundum and diamond) | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 1.2 (between talc and gypsum) Vickers hardness | 49000 MPa | | Brinell hardness | | 60 MPa | 8.83 MPa bulk modulus | 320 GPa | | Young's modulus | | | 11 GPa ultimate tensile strength | 2 MPa | | 4 MPa sound speed | 16200 m/s | 2740 m/s | 1215 m/s thermal expansion | 6×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.2×10^-4 K^(-1) | 3.21×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 27 W/(m K) | 29 W/(m K) | 82 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| boron | gallium | indium electrical type | insulator | conductor | conductor resistivity | 10000 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 8×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-4 S/m (siemens per meter) | 7.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.14×10^-5 | -1.77×10^-5 | -1.02×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -8.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.4×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -9.41×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.61×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.45 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.32 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.09 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.076×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 1.045×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 9.89×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 1.083 K (kelvins) | 3.41 K (kelvins) color | (black) | (silver) | (silver)

| boron | gallium | indium valence | 3 | 3 | 3 electronegativity | 2.04 | 1.81 | 1.78 electron affinity | 26.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 28.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 28.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 800.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 578.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 558.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 800.6 kJ/mol | 2427.1 kJ/mol | 3659.7 kJ/mol | 25025.8 kJ/mol | 32826.7 kJ/mol | 578.8 kJ/mol | 1979.3 kJ/mol | 2963 kJ/mol | 6180 kJ/mol | 558.3 kJ/mol | 1820.7 kJ/mol | 2704 kJ/mol | 5210 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| boron | gallium | indium term symbol | ^2P_(1/2) | ^2P_(1/2) | ^2P_(1/2) atomic radius | 85 pm | 130 pm | 155 pm covalent radius | 84 pm | 122 pm | 142 pm van der Waals radius | | 187 pm | 193 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| boron | gallium | indium universe abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% | 3×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.6×10^-4 mass% | 7.6×10^-4 mass% | 4.4×10^-6 mass% crust abundance | 8.6×10^-4 mass% | 0.0019 mass% | 1.6×10^-5 mass% ocean abundance | 4.4×10^-4 mass% | 3×10^-9 mass% | 1×10^-11 mass% human abundance | 7×10^-5 mass% | | universe molar abundance | 1×10^-8 mol% | 2×10^-8 mol% | 3×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-8 mol% | 6×10^-8 mol% | 4×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 3×10^-4 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 1×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.5×10^-4 mol% | 2.7×10^-10 mol% | 5×10^-6 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0017 mol% | 5.5×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% human molar abundance | 4.1×10^-5 mol% | |