Input interpretation
sulfuric acid + sodium chloride ⟶ hydrogen chloride + sodium bisulfate
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, Cl and Na: H: | 2 c_1 = c_3 + c_4 O: | 4 c_1 = 4 c_4 S: | c_1 = c_4 Cl: | c_2 = c_3 Na: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | + ⟶ +
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
sulfuric acid + sodium chloride ⟶ hydrogen chloride + sodium bisulfate
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| sulfuric acid | sodium chloride | hydrogen chloride | sodium bisulfate molecular enthalpy | -814 kJ/mol | -411.2 kJ/mol | -92.3 kJ/mol | -1126 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -814 kJ/mol | -411.2 kJ/mol | -92.3 kJ/mol | -1126 kJ/mol | H_initial = -1225 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1218 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1218 kJ/mol - -1225 kJ/mol = 7.4 kJ/mol (endothermic) | | |
Gibbs free energy
| sulfuric acid | sodium chloride | hydrogen chloride | sodium bisulfate molecular free energy | -690 kJ/mol | -384.1 kJ/mol | -95.3 kJ/mol | -992.8 kJ/mol total free energy | -690 kJ/mol | -384.1 kJ/mol | -95.3 kJ/mol | -992.8 kJ/mol | G_initial = -1074 kJ/mol | | G_final = -1088 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -1088 kJ/mol - -1074 kJ/mol = -14 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| sulfuric acid | sodium chloride | hydrogen chloride | sodium bisulfate Hill formula | H_2O_4S | ClNa | ClH | HNaO_4S name | sulfuric acid | sodium chloride | hydrogen chloride | sodium bisulfate
Substance properties
| sulfuric acid | sodium chloride | hydrogen chloride | sodium bisulfate molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 36.46 g/mol | 120.1 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 10.371 °C | 801 °C | -114.17 °C | 181.85 °C boiling point | 279.6 °C | 1413 °C | -85 °C | density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 | 0.00149 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | 1.8 g/cm^3 solubility in water | very soluble | soluble | miscible | surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | odor | odorless | odorless | |
Units
