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cobalt vs germanium

Input interpretation

cobalt (chemical element) | germanium (chemical element)
cobalt (chemical element) | germanium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| cobalt | germanium atomic symbol | Co | Ge atomic number | 27 | 32 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^7 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^2 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s | 4p 3d 4s block | d | p group | 9 | 14 period | 4 | 4 atomic mass | 58.933194 u | 72.63 u half-life | (stable) | (stable)
| cobalt | germanium atomic symbol | Co | Ge atomic number | 27 | 32 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^7 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^2 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s | 4p 3d 4s block | d | p group | 9 | 14 period | 4 | 4 atomic mass | 58.933194 u | 72.63 u half-life | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| cobalt | germanium phase at STP | solid | solid melting point | 1495 °C | 938.3 °C boiling point | 2927 °C | 2820 °C molar heat of fusion | 16.2 kJ/mol | 31.8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 375 kJ/mol | 334 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 421 J/(kg K) | 321.4 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
| cobalt | germanium phase at STP | solid | solid melting point | 1495 °C | 938.3 °C boiling point | 2927 °C | 2820 °C molar heat of fusion | 16.2 kJ/mol | 31.8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 375 kJ/mol | 334 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 421 J/(kg K) | 321.4 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| cobalt | germanium density | 8.9 g/cm^3 | 5.323 g/cm^3 liquid density | 7.75 g/cm^3 | 5.6 g/cm^3 molar volume | 6.6 cm^3/mol | 13.64 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 5 (≈ apatite) | 6 (≈ microcline) Vickers hardness | 1043 MPa | 8010 MPa Brinell hardness | 700 MPa | 7270 MPa bulk modulus | 180 GPa | (unknown) shear modulus | 75 GPa | (unknown) Young's modulus | 209 GPa | (unknown) Poisson ratio | 0.31 | (unknown) tensile yield strength | 225 MPa | sound speed | 4720 m/s | 5400 m/s thermal expansion | 1.3×10^-5 K^(-1) | 6×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 100 W/(m K) | 60 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| cobalt | germanium density | 8.9 g/cm^3 | 5.323 g/cm^3 liquid density | 7.75 g/cm^3 | 5.6 g/cm^3 molar volume | 6.6 cm^3/mol | 13.64 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 5 (≈ apatite) | 6 (≈ microcline) Vickers hardness | 1043 MPa | 8010 MPa Brinell hardness | 700 MPa | 7270 MPa bulk modulus | 180 GPa | (unknown) shear modulus | 75 GPa | (unknown) Young's modulus | 209 GPa | (unknown) Poisson ratio | 0.31 | (unknown) tensile yield strength | 225 MPa | sound speed | 4720 m/s | 5400 m/s thermal expansion | 1.3×10^-5 K^(-1) | 6×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 100 W/(m K) | 60 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| cobalt | germanium electrical type | conductor | semiconductor resistivity | 6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5×10^-4 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2000 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | ferromagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | | -7.98×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | | -1.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | | -1.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | 1394 K (kelvins) | work function | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) color | (gray) | (gray)
| cobalt | germanium electrical type | conductor | semiconductor resistivity | 6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5×10^-4 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2000 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | ferromagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | | -7.98×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | | -1.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | | -1.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | 1394 K (kelvins) | work function | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) color | (gray) | (gray)

Reactivity

| cobalt | germanium valence | 4 | 4 electronegativity | 1.88 | 2.01 electron affinity | 63.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 119 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 760.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 762 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 760.4 kJ/mol | 1648 kJ/mol | 3232 kJ/mol | 4950 kJ/mol | 7670 kJ/mol | 9840 kJ/mol | 12440 kJ/mol | 15230 kJ/mol | 17959 kJ/mol | 26570 kJ/mol | 29400 kJ/mol | 32400 kJ/mol | 36600 kJ/mol | 39700 kJ/mol | 42800 kJ/mol | 49396 kJ/mol | 52737 kJ/mol | 134810 kJ/mol | 145170 kJ/mol | 154700 kJ/mol | 167400 kJ/mol | 762 kJ/mol | 1537.5 kJ/mol | 3302.1 kJ/mol | 4411 kJ/mol | 9020 kJ/mol
| cobalt | germanium valence | 4 | 4 electronegativity | 1.88 | 2.01 electron affinity | 63.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 119 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 760.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 762 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 760.4 kJ/mol | 1648 kJ/mol | 3232 kJ/mol | 4950 kJ/mol | 7670 kJ/mol | 9840 kJ/mol | 12440 kJ/mol | 15230 kJ/mol | 17959 kJ/mol | 26570 kJ/mol | 29400 kJ/mol | 32400 kJ/mol | 36600 kJ/mol | 39700 kJ/mol | 42800 kJ/mol | 49396 kJ/mol | 52737 kJ/mol | 134810 kJ/mol | 145170 kJ/mol | 154700 kJ/mol | 167400 kJ/mol | 762 kJ/mol | 1537.5 kJ/mol | 3302.1 kJ/mol | 4411 kJ/mol | 9020 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| cobalt | germanium term symbol | ^4F_(9/2) | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 135 pm | 125 pm covalent radius | 126 pm | 120 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| cobalt | germanium term symbol | ^4F_(9/2) | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 135 pm | 125 pm covalent radius | 126 pm | 120 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| cobalt | germanium universe abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% | 2×10^-5 mass% solar abundance | 4×10^-4 mass% | 2×10^-5 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.059 mass% | 0.0021 mass% crust abundance | 0.003 mass% | 1.4×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 8×10^-9 mass% | 6×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 2×10^-6 mass% | universe molar abundance | 6×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-7 mol% solar molar abundance | 7×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-7 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.02 mol% | 4.9×10^-4 mol% ocean molar abundance | 8×10^-10 mol% | 5.1×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 3.9×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 2×10^-7 mol% |
| cobalt | germanium universe abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% | 2×10^-5 mass% solar abundance | 4×10^-4 mass% | 2×10^-5 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.059 mass% | 0.0021 mass% crust abundance | 0.003 mass% | 1.4×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 8×10^-9 mass% | 6×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 2×10^-6 mass% | universe molar abundance | 6×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-7 mol% solar molar abundance | 7×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-7 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.02 mol% | 4.9×10^-4 mol% ocean molar abundance | 8×10^-10 mol% | 5.1×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 3.9×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 2×10^-7 mol% |

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