mercury vs silver vs gold

mercury (chemical element) | silver (chemical element) | gold (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| mercury | silver | gold atomic symbol | Hg | Ag | Au atomic number | 80 | 47 | 79 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^10 | [Kr]5s^14d^10 | [Xe]6s^14f^145d^10 Aufbau diagram | 5d 4f 6s | 4d 5s | 5d 4f 6s block | d | d | d group | 12 | 11 | 11 period | 6 | 5 | 6 atomic mass | 200.592 u | 107.8682 u | 196.966569 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| mercury | silver | gold phase at STP | liquid | solid | solid melting point | -38.83 °C | 961.78 °C | 1064.18 °C boiling point | 356.73 °C | 2162 °C | 2856 °C critical temperature | 1750 K | | critical pressure | 172 MPa | | molar heat of fusion | 2.29 kJ/mol | 11.3 kJ/mol | 12.5 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 59.2 kJ/mol | 255 kJ/mol | 330 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 139.5 J/(kg K) | 235 J/(kg K) | 129.1 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| mercury | silver | gold density | 13.534 g/cm^3 | 10.49 g/cm^3 | 19.3 g/cm^3 liquid density | 13.534 g/cm^3 | 9.32 g/cm^3 | 17.31 g/cm^3 molar volume | 14.821 cm^3/mol | 10.283 cm^3/mol | 10.2 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) Vickers hardness | | 251 MPa | 216 MPa Brinell hardness | | 24.5 MPa | 2450 MPa bulk modulus | 25 GPa | 100 GPa | 220 GPa shear modulus | | 30 GPa | 27 GPa Young's modulus | | 83 GPa | 78 GPa Poisson ratio | | 0.37 | 0.44 ultimate tensile strength | | 140 MPa | 120 MPa refractive index | 1.000933 | | sound speed | 1407 m/s | 2600 m/s | 1740 m/s thermal expansion | 1.81×10^-4 K^(-1) | 1.89×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.42×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 8.3 W/(m K) | 430 W/(m K) | 320 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| mercury | silver | gold electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 9.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2.2×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 6.2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 4.5×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.84×10^-5 | -2.38×10^-5 | -3.44×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -2.1×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.27×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.78×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -4.21×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.51×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.47 eV (Liquid) | (4.52 to 4.74) eV | (5.31 to 5.47) eV threshold frequency | 1.082×10^15 Hz (hertz) | (1.093×10^15 to 1.146×10^15) Hz (hertz) | (1.284×10^15 to 1.323×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 4.154 K (kelvins) | | color | (silver) | (silver) | (gold) refractive index | 1.000933 | |

| mercury | silver | gold valence | 2 | 1 | 5 electronegativity | 2 | 1.93 | 2.54 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 125.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 222.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1007.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 731 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 890.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1007.1 kJ/mol | 1810 kJ/mol | 3300 kJ/mol | 731 kJ/mol | 2070 kJ/mol | 3361 kJ/mol | 890.1 kJ/mol | 1980 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| mercury | silver | gold term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 150 pm | 160 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 132 pm | 145 pm | 136 pm van der Waals radius | 155 pm | 172 pm | 166 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| mercury | silver | gold universe abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 6×10^-8 mass% | 6×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | 2×10^-6 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 2.5×10^-5 mass% | 1.4×10^-5 mass% | 1.7×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 6.7×10^-6 mass% | 7.9×10^-6 mass% | 3.1×10^-7 mass% ocean abundance | 5×10^-9 mass% | 1×10^-8 mass% | 5×10^-9 mass% human abundance | | | 1×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 6×10^-10 mol% | 7×10^-10 mol% | 4×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | 1.2×10^-8 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2×10^-6 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 1.5×10^-10 mol% | 5.7×10^-10 mol% | 1.6×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 7×10^-7 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-8 mol% human molar abundance | | | 3×10^-7 mol%