AgNO3 + LiBr = AgBr + LiNO3

AgNO_3 silver nitrate + LiBr lithium bromide ⟶ AgBr silver bromide + LiNO_3 lithium nitrate

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: AgNO_3 + LiBr ⟶ AgBr + LiNO_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 AgNO_3 + c_2 LiBr ⟶ c_3 AgBr + c_4 LiNO_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Ag, N, O, Br and Li: Ag: | c_1 = c_3 N: | c_1 = c_4 O: | 3 c_1 = 3 c_4 Br: | c_2 = c_3 Li: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | AgNO_3 + LiBr ⟶ AgBr + LiNO_3

+ ⟶ +

silver nitrate + lithium bromide ⟶ silver bromide + lithium nitrate

| silver nitrate | lithium bromide | silver bromide | lithium nitrate molecular enthalpy | -124.4 kJ/mol | -351.2 kJ/mol | -100 kJ/mol | -483.1 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -124.4 kJ/mol | -351.2 kJ/mol | -100 kJ/mol | -483.1 kJ/mol | H_initial = -475.6 kJ/mol | | H_final = -583.1 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -583.1 kJ/mol - -475.6 kJ/mol = -107.5 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |

| silver nitrate | lithium bromide | silver bromide | lithium nitrate molecular free energy | -33.4 kJ/mol | -342 kJ/mol | -97 kJ/mol | -381.1 kJ/mol total free energy | -33.4 kJ/mol | -342 kJ/mol | -97 kJ/mol | -381.1 kJ/mol | G_initial = -375.4 kJ/mol | | G_final = -478.1 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -478.1 kJ/mol - -375.4 kJ/mol = -102.7 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | |

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: AgNO_3 + LiBr ⟶ AgBr + LiNO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: AgNO_3 + LiBr ⟶ AgBr + LiNO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i AgNO_3 | 1 | -1 LiBr | 1 | -1 AgBr | 1 | 1 LiNO_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression AgNO_3 | 1 | -1 | ([AgNO3])^(-1) LiBr | 1 | -1 | ([LiBr])^(-1) AgBr | 1 | 1 | [AgBr] LiNO_3 | 1 | 1 | [LiNO3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([AgNO3])^(-1) ([LiBr])^(-1) [AgBr] [LiNO3] = ([AgBr] [LiNO3])/([AgNO3] [LiBr])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: AgNO_3 + LiBr ⟶ AgBr + LiNO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: AgNO_3 + LiBr ⟶ AgBr + LiNO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i AgNO_3 | 1 | -1 LiBr | 1 | -1 AgBr | 1 | 1 LiNO_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term AgNO_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[AgNO3])/(Δt) LiBr | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[LiBr])/(Δt) AgBr | 1 | 1 | (Δ[AgBr])/(Δt) LiNO_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[LiNO3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[AgNO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[LiBr])/(Δt) = (Δ[AgBr])/(Δt) = (Δ[LiNO3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| silver nitrate | lithium bromide | silver bromide | lithium nitrate formula | AgNO_3 | LiBr | AgBr | LiNO_3 Hill formula | AgNO_3 | BrLi | AgBr | LiNO_3 name | silver nitrate | lithium bromide | silver bromide | lithium nitrate IUPAC name | silver nitrate | lithium bromide | bromosilver | lithium nitrate

| silver nitrate | lithium bromide | silver bromide | lithium nitrate molar mass | 169.87 g/mol | 86.84 g/mol | 187.77 g/mol | 68.94 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 212 °C | 550 °C | 432 °C | 264 °C boiling point | | 1265 °C | 1300 °C | density | | 3.46 g/cm^3 | 6.473 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | soluble | | insoluble | odor | odorless | | |