carbon, hydrogen, silicon

carbon (chemical element) | hydrogen (chemical element) | silicon (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| carbon | hydrogen | silicon atomic symbol | C | H | Si atomic number | 6 | 1 | 14 short electronic configuration | [He]2s^22p^2 | 1s^1 | [Ne]3s^23p^2 Aufbau diagram | 2p 2s | 1s | 3p 3s block | p | s | p group | 14 | 1 | 14 period | 2 | 1 | 3 atomic mass | 12.011 u | 1.008 u | 28.085 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| carbon | hydrogen | silicon phase at STP | solid | gas | solid melting point | 3550 °C | -259.14 °C | 1414 °C boiling point | 4027 °C | -252.87 °C | 2900 °C critical temperature | | 32.97 K | critical pressure | | 1.293 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 105 kJ/mol | 0.558 kJ/mol | 50.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 715 kJ/mol | 0.452 kJ/mol | 359 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 710 J/(kg K) | 14300 J/(kg K) | 710 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)

| carbon | hydrogen | silicon density | 2.26 g/cm^3 | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 | 2.33 g/cm^3 liquid density | | | 2.57 g/cm^3 molar volume | 5.315 cm^3/mol | 11200 cm^3/mol | 12.05 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) Vickers hardness | | | 9630 MPa bulk modulus | 33 GPa | | 100 GPa Young's modulus | | | 47 GPa refractive index | 2.417 | 1.000132 | sound speed | 18350 m/s | 1270 m/s | 2200 m/s thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) | | 2.6×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 0.1805 W/(m K) | 150 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| carbon | hydrogen | silicon electrical type | conductor | | semiconductor resistivity | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) | | 0.001 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) | | 1000 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.4×10^-5 | -2.23×10^-9 | -3.73×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.48×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.6×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -7.45×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -4.999×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -4.49×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | | (4.6 to 4.91) eV threshold frequency | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | | (1.112×10^15 to 1.187×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (black) | (colorless) | (gray) refractive index | 2.417 | 1.000132 |

| carbon | hydrogen | silicon valence | 4 | 1 | 4 electronegativity | 2.55 | 2.2 | 1.9 electron affinity | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 72.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 133.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1312 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 786.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1086.5 kJ/mol | 2352.6 kJ/mol | 4620.5 kJ/mol | 6222.7 kJ/mol | 37831 kJ/mol | 47277 kJ/mol | 1312 kJ/mol | 786.5 kJ/mol | 1577.1 kJ/mol | 3231.6 kJ/mol | 4355.5 kJ/mol | 16091 kJ/mol | 19805 kJ/mol | 23780 kJ/mol | 29287 kJ/mol | 33878 kJ/mol | 38726 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| carbon | hydrogen | silicon term symbol | ^3P_0 | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 70 pm | 25 pm | 110 pm covalent radius | 76 pm | 31 pm | 111 pm van der Waals radius | 170 pm | 120 pm | 210 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| carbon | hydrogen | silicon universe abundance | 0.5 mass% | 75 mass% | 0.07 mass% solar abundance | 0.3 mass% | 75 mass% | 0.09 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.5 mass% | 2.4 mass% | 14 mass% crust abundance | 0.18 mass% | 0.15 mass% | 27 mass% ocean abundance | 0.0028 mass% | 11 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% human abundance | 23 mass% | 10 mass% | 0.026 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.05 mol% | 93 mol% | 0.003 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.03 mol% | 93 mol% | 0.004 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1.8 mol% | 17 mol% | 10 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.0014 mol% | 66 mol% | 2.2×10^-5 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.31 mol% | 3.1 mol% | 20 mol% human molar abundance | 12 mol% | 62 mol% | 0.0058 mol%

| carbon | hydrogen | silicon half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable) stable isotopes | C-12 (98.89%) | C-13 (1.11%) | H-1 (99.985%) | H-2 (1.5×10^-4) | Si-28 (92.23%) | Si-29 (4.683%) | Si-30 (3.087%) nuclear spin | C-8: 0^+ | C-9: 3/2^- | C-10: 0^+ | C-11: 3/2^- | C-12: 0^+ | C-13: 1/2^- | C-14: 0^+ | C-15: 1/2^+ | C-16: 0^+ | C-17: 3/2^+ | C-18: 0^+ | C-19: 1/2^+ | C-20: 0^+ | C-21: 1/2^+ | C-22: 0^+ | H-1: 1/2^+ | H-2: 1^+ | H-3: 1/2^+ | H-4: 2^- | H-5: 1/2^+ | H-6: 2^- | H-7: 1/2^+ | Si-22: 0^+ | Si-23: 5/2^+ | Si-24: 0^+ | Si-25: 5/2^+ | Si-26: 0^+ | Si-27: 5/2^+ | Si-28: 0^+ | Si-29: 1/2^+ | Si-30: 0^+ | Si-31: 3/2^+ | Si-32: 0^+ | Si-33: 3/2^+ | Si-34: 0^+ | Si-35: 7/2^- | Si-36: 0^+ | Si-37: 7/2^- | Si-38: 0^+ | Si-39: 7/2^- | Si-40: 0^+ | Si-41: 7/2^- | Si-42: 0^+ | Si-43: 3/2^- | Si-44: 0^+ unstable isotopes | C-14 (5700 yr) | C-11 (20.334 min) | C-10 (19.29 s) | C-15 (2.449 s) | C-16 (747 ms) | C-17 (193 ms) | C-9 (126.5 ms) | C-18 (92 ms) | C-19 (49 ms) | C-20 (14 ms) | C-22 (6.2 ms) | C-21 (30 ns) | C-8 (2 zs) | H-3 (12.32 yr) | H-6 (0.29 zs) | H-4 (0.139 zs) | H-5 (0.08 zs) | H-7 (0.023 zs) | Si-32 (153 yr) | Si-31 (157.3 min) | Si-33 (6.11 s) | Si-27 (4.16 s) | Si-34 (2.77 s) | Si-26 (2.234 s) | Si-35 (780 ms) | Si-36 (450 ms) | Si-25 (220 ms) | Si-24 (140 ms) | Si-37 (90 ms) | Si-39 (47.5 ms) | Si-23 (42.3 ms) | Si-40 (33 ms) | Si-22 (29 ms) | Si-41 (20 ms) | Si-42 (12.5 ms) | Si-38 (1 µs) | Si-44 (360 ns) | Si-43 (60 ns) neutron cross-section | 0.0035 b | 0.332 b | 0.166 b neutron mass absorption | 1.5×10^-5 m^2/kg | 0.011 m^2/kg | 2×10^-4 m^2/kg

| carbon | hydrogen | silicon CAS number | 7440-44-0 | 1333-74-0 | 7440-21-3 PubChem CID number | | 783 | 5461123