Input interpretation
butane
Chemical names and formulas
formula | CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_3 Hill formula | C_4H_10 name | butane alternate names | diethyl | Freon 600 | liquefied petroleum gas | n-butane | R-600 mass fractions | C (carbon) 82.7% | H (hydrogen) 17.3%
Lewis structure
Draw the Lewis structure of butane. Start by drawing the overall structure of the molecule: Count the total valence electrons of the carbon (n_C, val = 4) and hydrogen (n_H, val = 1) atoms: 4 n_C, val + 10 n_H, val = 26 Calculate the number of electrons needed to completely fill the valence shells for carbon (n_C, full = 8) and hydrogen (n_H, full = 2): 4 n_C, full + 10 n_H, full = 52 Subtracting these two numbers shows that 52 - 26 = 26 bonding electrons are needed. Each bond has two electrons, so the above diagram has all the necessary bonds. There are 13 bonds and hence 26 bonding electrons in the diagram. Lastly, fill in the remaining unbonded electrons on each atom. In total, there remain 26 - 26 = 0 electrons left to draw and the diagram is complete: Answer: | |
3D structure
3D structure
Basic properties
molar mass | 58.12 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) melting point | -138.3 °C boiling point | -0.5 °C density | 0.00249343 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) dielectric constant | 1.003
Gas properties (at STP)
density | 0.00249343 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) vapor density | 2.11 (relative to air) molar volume | 23311 cm^3/mol surface tension | 0.01487 N/m refractive index | 1.3326 dynamic viscosity | 7×10^-6 Pa s (at 25 °C)
Units
Thermodynamic properties
specific heat capacity c_p | liquid | 2.424 J/(g K) molar heat capacity c_p | liquid | 140.9 J/(mol K) specific heat of formation Δ_fH° | gas | -2.163 kJ/g molar heat of formation Δ_fH° | gas | -125.7 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 24.7 kJ/mol | specific heat of vaporization | 0.425 kJ/g | molar heat of combustion | 2879 kJ/mol | specific heat of combustion | 49.53 kJ/g | molar heat of fusion | 4.66 kJ/mol | specific heat of fusion | 0.0802 kJ/g | thermal conductivity | 0.01607 W/(m K) | critical temperature | 426.3 K | critical pressure | 3.8 MPa | (at STP)
Phase diagram
Phase diagram
Units
Basic drug properties
approval status | experimental | small molecule
Hydrophobicity and permeability properties
predicted LogP hydrophobicity | 2.81 predicted LogS | -1.91
Chemical identifiers
CAS number | 106-97-8 Beilstein number | 969129 PubChem CID number | 7843 PubChem SID number | 24872900 SMILES identifier | CCCC InChI identifier | InChI=1/C4H10/c1-3-4-2/h3-4H2, 1-2H3 InChI key | IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYAE RTECS number | EJ4200000 MDL number | MFCD00009424
NFPA label
NFPA label
NFPA health rating | 1 NFPA fire rating | 4 NFPA reactivity rating | 0
Safety properties
flash point | -60 °C autoignition point | 405 °C lower explosive limit | 1.8% (concentration in air) upper explosive limit | 8.5% (concentration in air)
DOT hazard class | 2.1 DOT numbers | 1011
Toxicity properties
short-term exposure limit | 2250 mg/m^3
long-term exposure limit | 1800 mg/m^3 (over 8 hours) RTECS classes | other