erbium vs neodymium vs europium

erbium (chemical element) | neodymium (chemical element) | europium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| erbium | neodymium | europium atomic symbol | Er | Nd | Eu atomic number | 68 | 60 | 63 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^12 | [Xe]6s^24f^4 | [Xe]6s^24f^7 Aufbau diagram | 4f 6s | 4f 6s | 4f 6s block | f | f | f period | 6 | 6 | 6 atomic mass | 167.259 u | 144.242 u | 151.964 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| erbium | neodymium | europium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1497 °C | 1021 °C | 822 °C boiling point | 2868 °C | 3100 °C | 1527 °C molar heat of fusion | 19.9 kJ/mol | 7.1 kJ/mol | 9.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 285 kJ/mol | 285 kJ/mol | 175 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 168 J/(kg K) | 190 J/(kg K) | 182 J/(kg K) Néel point | 82 K | 19.2 K | 90.5 K (properties at standard conditions)

| erbium | neodymium | europium density | 9.066 g/cm^3 | 7.01 g/cm^3 | 5.244 g/cm^3 liquid density | 8.86 g/cm^3 | 6.89 g/cm^3 | 5.13 g/cm^3 molar volume | 18.45 cm^3/mol | 20.58 cm^3/mol | 28.98 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2 (between gypsum and talc) | 1.2 (between talc and gypsum) | 3.1 (between calcite and fluorite) Vickers hardness | 589 MPa | 343 MPa | 167 MPa Brinell hardness | 814 MPa | 265 MPa | bulk modulus | 44 GPa | 32 GPa | 8.3 GPa shear modulus | 28 GPa | 16 GPa | 7.9 GPa Young's modulus | 70 GPa | 41 GPa | 18 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.15 tensile yield strength | 60 MPa | 165 MPa | ultimate tensile strength | 136 MPa | 170 MPa | sound speed | 2830 m/s | 2330 m/s | thermal expansion | 1.22×10^-5 K^(-1) | 9.6×10^-6 K^(-1) | 3.5×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 15 W/(m K) | 17 W/(m K) | 14 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| erbium | neodymium | europium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 8.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 6.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 9×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.2×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.6×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 0.0341788 | 0.0033648 | 0.0014473 mass magnetic susceptibility | 3.77×10^-6 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 4.8×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.76×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 6.30566×10^-7 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 6.9235×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 4.1942×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | 32 K (kelvins) | | Néel point | 82 K (kelvins) | 19.2 K (kelvins) | 90.5 K (kelvins) work function | | 3.2 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.5 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | 7.738×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 6.045×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 1.8 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| erbium | neodymium | europium valence | 3 | 3 | 3 electronegativity | 1.24 | 1.14 | electron affinity | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 533.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 547.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.3 kJ/mol | 1150 kJ/mol | 2194 kJ/mol | 4120 kJ/mol | 533.1 kJ/mol | 1040 kJ/mol | 2130 kJ/mol | 3900 kJ/mol | 547.1 kJ/mol | 1085 kJ/mol | 2404 kJ/mol | 4120 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| erbium | neodymium | europium term symbol | ^3H_6 | ^5I_4 | ^8S_(7/2) atomic radius | 175 pm | 185 pm | 185 pm covalent radius | 189 pm | 201 pm | 198 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| erbium | neodymium | europium universe abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% | 5×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 3×10^-7 mass% | 5×10^-8 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.8×10^-5 mass% | 5×10^-5 mass% | 5.9×10^-6 mass% crust abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% | 0.0033 mass% | 1.8×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 9×10^-11 mass% | 2.8×10^-10 mass% | 1.3×10^-11 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-9 mol% | 9×10^-9 mol% | 4×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% | 4×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2×10^-6 mol% | 7×10^-6 mol% | 8.1×10^-7 mol% ocean molar abundance | 3.3×10^-12 mol% | 1.2×10^-11 mol% | 5×10^-6 mol% crust molar abundance | 3.7×10^-5 mol% | 4.8×10^-4 mol% | 2.4×10^-5 mol%