Na3PO4 + LiCl = NaCl + Li3PO4

Na_3PO_4 trisodium phosphate + LiCl lithium chloride ⟶ NaCl sodium chloride + Li_3PO_4 lithium phosphate

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Na_3PO_4 + LiCl ⟶ NaCl + Li_3PO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Na_3PO_4 + c_2 LiCl ⟶ c_3 NaCl + c_4 Li_3PO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Na, O, P, Cl and Li: Na: | 3 c_1 = c_3 O: | 4 c_1 = 4 c_4 P: | c_1 = c_4 Cl: | c_2 = c_3 Li: | c_2 = 3 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 3 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | Na_3PO_4 + 3 LiCl ⟶ 3 NaCl + Li_3PO_4

+ ⟶ +

trisodium phosphate + lithium chloride ⟶ sodium chloride + lithium phosphate

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Na_3PO_4 + LiCl ⟶ NaCl + Li_3PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Na_3PO_4 + 3 LiCl ⟶ 3 NaCl + Li_3PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Na_3PO_4 | 1 | -1 LiCl | 3 | -3 NaCl | 3 | 3 Li_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Na_3PO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([Na3PO4])^(-1) LiCl | 3 | -3 | ([LiCl])^(-3) NaCl | 3 | 3 | ([NaCl])^3 Li_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 | [Li3PO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Na3PO4])^(-1) ([LiCl])^(-3) ([NaCl])^3 [Li3PO4] = (([NaCl])^3 [Li3PO4])/([Na3PO4] ([LiCl])^3)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Na_3PO_4 + LiCl ⟶ NaCl + Li_3PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Na_3PO_4 + 3 LiCl ⟶ 3 NaCl + Li_3PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Na_3PO_4 | 1 | -1 LiCl | 3 | -3 NaCl | 3 | 3 Li_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Na_3PO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na3PO4])/(Δt) LiCl | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[LiCl])/(Δt) NaCl | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Li_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Li3PO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[Na3PO4])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[LiCl])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[Li3PO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| trisodium phosphate | lithium chloride | sodium chloride | lithium phosphate formula | Na_3PO_4 | LiCl | NaCl | Li_3PO_4 Hill formula | Na_3O_4P | ClLi | ClNa | Li_3O_4P name | trisodium phosphate | lithium chloride | sodium chloride | lithium phosphate IUPAC name | trisodium phosphate | lithium chloride | sodium chloride | trilithium phosphate

| trisodium phosphate | lithium chloride | sodium chloride | lithium phosphate molar mass | 163.94 g/mol | 42.4 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 115.8 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 75 °C | 605 °C | 801 °C | boiling point | | 1382 °C | 1413 °C | density | 2.536 g/cm^3 | 2.07 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | soluble | | soluble | dynamic viscosity | | 0.00525 Pa s (at 20 °C) | | odor | odorless | | odorless |