Input interpretation
copper + mercuric chloride ⟶ mercury + cuprous chloride
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cu, Cl and Hg: Cu: | c_1 = c_4 Cl: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Hg: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 + ⟶ + 2
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
copper + mercuric chloride ⟶ mercury + cuprous chloride
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| copper | mercuric chloride | mercury | cuprous chloride molecular enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -224.3 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -137.2 kJ/mol total enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -224.3 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -274.4 kJ/mol | H_initial = -224.3 kJ/mol | | H_final = -274.4 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -274.4 kJ/mol - -224.3 kJ/mol = -50.1 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |
Equilibrium constant
![K_c = ([Hg] [CuCl]^2)/([Cu]^2 [HgCl2])](../image_source/fdc3045eef76e5580d95d25cefcfe3c4.png)
K_c = ([Hg] [CuCl]^2)/([Cu]^2 [HgCl2])
Rate of reaction
![rate = -1/2 (Δ[Cu])/(Δt) = -(Δ[HgCl2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Hg])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[CuCl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)](../image_source/d446fb965ffec414177f4eb6a3d96fa5.png)
rate = -1/2 (Δ[Cu])/(Δt) = -(Δ[HgCl2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Hg])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[CuCl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
| copper | mercuric chloride | mercury | cuprous chloride Hill formula | Cu | Cl_2Hg | Hg | ClCu name | copper | mercuric chloride | mercury | cuprous chloride IUPAC name | copper | dichloromercury | mercury |
Substance properties
| copper | mercuric chloride | mercury | cuprous chloride molar mass | 63.546 g/mol | 271.49 g/mol | 200.592 g/mol | 99 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 1083 °C | 277 °C | -38.87 °C | 430 °C boiling point | 2567 °C | 302 °C | 356.6 °C | 1490 °C density | 8.96 g/cm^3 | 5.44 g/cm^3 | 13.534 g/cm^3 | 4.145 g/cm^3 solubility in water | insoluble | | slightly soluble | surface tension | | | 0.47 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | | 0.001526 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | odorless | odorless |
Units
