sodium vs sulfur vs silicon

sodium (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | silicon (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| sodium | sulfur | silicon atomic symbol | Na | S | Si atomic number | 11 | 16 | 14 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^1 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Ne]3s^23p^2 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 3p 3s | 3p 3s block | s | p | p group | 1 | 16 | 14 period | 3 | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 22.98976928 u | 32.06 u | 28.085 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| sodium | sulfur | silicon phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 97.72 °C | 115.21 °C | 1414 °C boiling point | 883 °C | 444.72 °C | 2900 °C critical temperature | 2573 K | 1314 K | critical pressure | 35 MPa | 20.7 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 2.6 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol | 50.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 97.7 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol | 359 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1230 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) | 710 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| sodium | sulfur | silicon density | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 2.33 g/cm^3 liquid density | 0.927 g/cm^3 | 1.819 g/cm^3 | 2.57 g/cm^3 molar volume | 23.7 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 12.05 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 2 (≈ gypsum) | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) Vickers hardness | | | 9630 MPa Brinell hardness | 0.69 MPa | | bulk modulus | 6.3 GPa | 7.7 GPa | 100 GPa shear modulus | 3.3 GPa | | Young's modulus | 10 GPa | | 47 GPa ultimate tensile strength | 10 MPa | | refractive index | | 1.001111 | sound speed | 3200 m/s | | 2200 m/s thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | | 2.6×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) | 150 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| sodium | sulfur | silicon electrical type | conductor | insulator | semiconductor resistivity | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 0.001 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1000 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 8.5×10^-6 | -1.22×10^-5 | -3.73×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.6×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -4.49×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) | | (4.6 to 4.91) eV threshold frequency | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) | | (1.112×10^15 to 1.187×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (yellow) | (gray) refractive index | | 1.001111 |

| sodium | sulfur | silicon valence | 1 | 6 | 4 electronegativity | 0.93 | 2.58 | 1.9 electron affinity | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 133.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 786.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 786.5 kJ/mol | 1577.1 kJ/mol | 3231.6 kJ/mol | 4355.5 kJ/mol | 16091 kJ/mol | 19805 kJ/mol | 23780 kJ/mol | 29287 kJ/mol | 33878 kJ/mol | 38726 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| sodium | sulfur | silicon term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3P_2 | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 180 pm | 100 pm | 110 pm covalent radius | 166 pm | 105 pm | 111 pm van der Waals radius | 227 pm | 180 pm | 210 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| sodium | sulfur | silicon universe abundance | 0.002 mass% | 0.05 mass% | 0.07 mass% solar abundance | 0.004 mass% | 0.04 mass% | 0.09 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.55 mass% | 4 mass% | 14 mass% crust abundance | 2.3 mass% | 0.042 mass% | 27 mass% ocean abundance | 1.1 mass% | 0.093 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% human abundance | 0.14 mass% | 0.2 mass% | 0.026 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-4 mol% | 0.002 mol% | 0.003 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 0.004 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.48 mol% | 2.2 mol% | 10 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.3 mol% | 0.018 mol% | 2.2×10^-5 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.1 mol% | 0.027 mol% | 20 mol% human molar abundance | 0.038 mol% | 0.039 mol% | 0.0058 mol%