calcium vs sulfur vs zinc

calcium (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | zinc (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| calcium | sulfur | zinc atomic symbol | Ca | S | Zn atomic number | 20 | 16 | 30 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^2 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Ar]4s^23d^10 Aufbau diagram | 4s | 3p 3s | 3d 4s block | s | p | d group | 2 | 16 | 12 period | 4 | 3 | 4 atomic mass | 40.078 u | 32.06 u | 65.38 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| calcium | sulfur | zinc phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 842 °C | 115.21 °C | 419.53 °C boiling point | 1484 °C | 444.72 °C | 907 °C critical temperature | | 1314 K | critical pressure | | 20.7 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 8.54 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol | 7.35 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 155 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol | 119 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 631 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) | 388 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| calcium | sulfur | zinc density | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 7.14 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 1.819 g/cm^3 | 6.57 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 9.16 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | 2 (≈ gypsum) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) Brinell hardness | 167 MPa | | 412 MPa bulk modulus | 17 GPa | 7.7 GPa | 70 GPa shear modulus | 7.4 GPa | | 43 GPa Young's modulus | 20 GPa | | 108 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.31 | | 0.25 ultimate tensile strength | | | 37 MPa refractive index | | 1.001111 | 1.00205 sound speed | 3810 m/s | | 3700 m/s thermal expansion | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | | 3.02×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| calcium | sulfur | zinc electrical type | conductor | insulator | conductor resistivity | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.139×10^-5 | -1.22×10^-5 | -1.58×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.21×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | | (3.63 to 4.9) eV threshold frequency | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | | (8.777×10^14 to 1.185×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 0.85 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (yellow) | (slate gray) refractive index | | 1.001111 | 1.00205

| calcium | sulfur | zinc valence | 2 | 6 | 2 electronegativity | 1 | 2.58 | 1.65 electron affinity | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 906.4 kJ/mol | 1733.3 kJ/mol | 3833 kJ/mol | 5731 kJ/mol | 7970 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12900 kJ/mol | 16800 kJ/mol | 19600 kJ/mol | 23000 kJ/mol | 26400 kJ/mol | 29990 kJ/mol | 40490 kJ/mol | 43800 kJ/mol | 47300 kJ/mol | 52300 kJ/mol | 55900 kJ/mol | 59700 kJ/mol | 67300 kJ/mol | 71200 kJ/mol | 179100 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| calcium | sulfur | zinc term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^3P_2 | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 180 pm | 100 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 176 pm | 105 pm | 122 pm van der Waals radius | | 180 pm | 139 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| calcium | sulfur | zinc universe abundance | 0.007 mass% | 0.05 mass% | 3×10^-5 mass% solar abundance | 0.007 mass% | 0.04 mass% | 2×10^-4 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.1 mass% | 4 mass% | 0.018 mass% crust abundance | 5 mass% | 0.042 mass% | 0.0078 mass% ocean abundance | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.093 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% human abundance | 1.4 mass% | 0.2 mass% | 0.0033 mass% universe molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 0.002 mol% | 6×10^-7 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.52 mol% | 2.2 mol% | 0.0044 mol% ocean molar abundance | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 0.018 mol% | 4.7×10^-8 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.6 mol% | 0.027 mol% | 0.0025 mol% human molar abundance | 0.22 mol% | 0.039 mol% | 3.2×10^-4 mol%