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element copper

Input interpretation

copper (chemical element)
copper (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Image

Image
Image

Basic elemental properties

atomic symbol | Cu atomic number | 29 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^13d^10 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s block | d group | 11 period | 4 atomic mass | 63.546 u (unified atomic mass units)
atomic symbol | Cu atomic number | 29 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^13d^10 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s block | d group | 11 period | 4 atomic mass | 63.546 u (unified atomic mass units)

Thermodynamic properties

phase at STP | solid melting point | 1084.62 °C (rank: 43rd) boiling point | 2562 °C (rank: 47th) molar heat of fusion | 13.1 kJ/mol (rank: 38th) molar heat of vaporization | 300 kJ/mol (rank: 39th) specific heat at STP | 384.4 J/(kg K) (rank: 32nd) (properties at standard conditions)
phase at STP | solid melting point | 1084.62 °C (rank: 43rd) boiling point | 2562 °C (rank: 47th) molar heat of fusion | 13.1 kJ/mol (rank: 38th) molar heat of vaporization | 300 kJ/mol (rank: 39th) specific heat at STP | 384.4 J/(kg K) (rank: 32nd) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

density | 8.96 g/cm^3 (rank: 33rd) liquid density | 8.02 g/cm^3 molar volume | 7.092 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 3 (≈ calcite) Vickers hardness | 369 MPa (rank: 36th) Brinell hardness | 874 MPa (rank: 15th) bulk modulus | 140 GPa (rank: 18th) shear modulus | 48 GPa Young's modulus | 130 GPa (rank: 16th) Poisson ratio | 0.34 (rank: 12th) sound speed | 3570 m/s (rank: 25th) thermal expansion | 1.65×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 20th) thermal conductivity | 400 W/(m K) (rank: 2nd) (properties at standard conditions)
density | 8.96 g/cm^3 (rank: 33rd) liquid density | 8.02 g/cm^3 molar volume | 7.092 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 3 (≈ calcite) Vickers hardness | 369 MPa (rank: 36th) Brinell hardness | 874 MPa (rank: 15th) bulk modulus | 140 GPa (rank: 18th) shear modulus | 48 GPa Young's modulus | 130 GPa (rank: 16th) Poisson ratio | 0.34 (rank: 12th) sound speed | 3570 m/s (rank: 25th) thermal expansion | 1.65×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 20th) thermal conductivity | 400 W/(m K) (rank: 2nd) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

electrical type | conductor resistivity | 1.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 5.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -9.63×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.08×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -6.86×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (4.48 to 5.1) eV threshold frequency | (1.083×10^15 to 1.233×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (copper) (work function range from 4 different crystalline orientations)
electrical type | conductor resistivity | 1.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 5.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -9.63×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.08×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -6.86×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (4.48 to 5.1) eV threshold frequency | (1.083×10^15 to 1.233×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (copper) (work function range from 4 different crystalline orientations)

Reactivity

valence | 2 electronegativity | 1.9 electron affinity | 118.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 745.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 745.5 kJ/mol | 1957.9 kJ/mol | 3555 kJ/mol | 5536 kJ/mol | 7700 kJ/mol | 9900 kJ/mol | 13400 kJ/mol | 16000 kJ/mol | 19200 kJ/mol | 22400 kJ/mol | 25600 kJ/mol | 35600 kJ/mol | 38700 kJ/mol | 42000 kJ/mol | 46700 kJ/mol | 50200 kJ/mol | 53700 kJ/mol | 61100 kJ/mol | 64702 kJ/mol | 163700 kJ/mol | 174100 kJ/mol
valence | 2 electronegativity | 1.9 electron affinity | 118.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 745.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 745.5 kJ/mol | 1957.9 kJ/mol | 3555 kJ/mol | 5536 kJ/mol | 7700 kJ/mol | 9900 kJ/mol | 13400 kJ/mol | 16000 kJ/mol | 19200 kJ/mol | 22400 kJ/mol | 25600 kJ/mol | 35600 kJ/mol | 38700 kJ/mol | 42000 kJ/mol | 46700 kJ/mol | 50200 kJ/mol | 53700 kJ/mol | 61100 kJ/mol | 64702 kJ/mol | 163700 kJ/mol | 174100 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 135 pm covalent radius | 132 pm van der Waals radius | 140 pm (electronic ground state properties)
term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 135 pm covalent radius | 132 pm van der Waals radius | 140 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral copper atomic spectrum)
(neutral copper atomic spectrum)

Abundances

universe abundance | 6×10^-6 mass% (rank: 27th) solar abundance | 7×10^-5 mass% (rank: 24th) meteorite abundance | 0.011 mass% (rank: 21st) crust abundance | 0.0068 mass% (rank: 24th) ocean abundance | 3×10^-7 mass% (rank: 26th) human abundance | 1×10^-4 mass% (rank: 20th) universe molar abundance | 1×10^-7 mol% (rank: 27th) solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-7 mol% (rank: 25th) meteorite molar abundance | 0.0031 mol% (rank: 22nd) ocean molar abundance | 2.9×10^-8 mol% (rank: 37th) crust molar abundance | 0.0022 mol% (rank: 26th) human molar abundance | 9.9×10^-6 mol% (rank: 21st)
universe abundance | 6×10^-6 mass% (rank: 27th) solar abundance | 7×10^-5 mass% (rank: 24th) meteorite abundance | 0.011 mass% (rank: 21st) crust abundance | 0.0068 mass% (rank: 24th) ocean abundance | 3×10^-7 mass% (rank: 26th) human abundance | 1×10^-4 mass% (rank: 20th) universe molar abundance | 1×10^-7 mol% (rank: 27th) solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-7 mol% (rank: 25th) meteorite molar abundance | 0.0031 mol% (rank: 22nd) ocean molar abundance | 2.9×10^-8 mol% (rank: 37th) crust molar abundance | 0.0022 mol% (rank: 26th) human molar abundance | 9.9×10^-6 mol% (rank: 21st)

Nuclear properties

half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Cu-63 (69.17%) | Cu-65 (30.83%) nuclear spin | Cu-52: 3^+ | Cu-53: 3/2^- | Cu-54: 3^+ | Cu-55: 3/2^- | Cu-56: 4^+ | Cu-57: 3/2^- | Cu-58: 1^+ | Cu-59: 3/2^- | Cu-60: 2^+ | Cu-61: 3/2^- | Cu-62: 1^+ | Cu-63: 3/2^- | Cu-64: 1^+ | Cu-65: 3/2^- | Cu-66: 1^+ | Cu-67: 3/2^- | Cu-68: 1^+ | Cu-69: 3/2^- | Cu-70: 6^- | Cu-71: 3/2^- | Cu-72: 1^+ | Cu-73: 3/2^- | Cu-75: 3/2^- | Cu-77: 3/2^- | Cu-79: 3/2^- unstable isotopes | Cu-67 (61.83 h) | Cu-64 (12.7 h) | Cu-61 (200 min) | Cu-60 (23.67 min) | Cu-62 (9.673 min) | Cu-66 (5.12 min) | Cu-69 (171 s) | Cu-59 (81.5 s) | Cu-70 (44.5 s) | Cu-68 (31.1 s) | Cu-71 (19.5 s) | Cu-72 (6.6 s) | Cu-73 (4.2 s) | Cu-58 (3.204 s) | Cu-74 (1.594 s) | Cu-75 (1.224 s) | Cu-76 (641 ms) | Cu-77 (469 ms) | Cu-78 (342 ms) | Cu-57 (196.3 ms) | Cu-79 (188 ms) | Cu-56 (93 ms) | Cu-55 (40 ms) | Cu-80 (300 ns) | Cu-53 (300 ns) | Cu-54 (75 ns) neutron cross-section | 3.78 b neutron mass absorption | 0.0021 m^2/kg
half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Cu-63 (69.17%) | Cu-65 (30.83%) nuclear spin | Cu-52: 3^+ | Cu-53: 3/2^- | Cu-54: 3^+ | Cu-55: 3/2^- | Cu-56: 4^+ | Cu-57: 3/2^- | Cu-58: 1^+ | Cu-59: 3/2^- | Cu-60: 2^+ | Cu-61: 3/2^- | Cu-62: 1^+ | Cu-63: 3/2^- | Cu-64: 1^+ | Cu-65: 3/2^- | Cu-66: 1^+ | Cu-67: 3/2^- | Cu-68: 1^+ | Cu-69: 3/2^- | Cu-70: 6^- | Cu-71: 3/2^- | Cu-72: 1^+ | Cu-73: 3/2^- | Cu-75: 3/2^- | Cu-77: 3/2^- | Cu-79: 3/2^- unstable isotopes | Cu-67 (61.83 h) | Cu-64 (12.7 h) | Cu-61 (200 min) | Cu-60 (23.67 min) | Cu-62 (9.673 min) | Cu-66 (5.12 min) | Cu-69 (171 s) | Cu-59 (81.5 s) | Cu-70 (44.5 s) | Cu-68 (31.1 s) | Cu-71 (19.5 s) | Cu-72 (6.6 s) | Cu-73 (4.2 s) | Cu-58 (3.204 s) | Cu-74 (1.594 s) | Cu-75 (1.224 s) | Cu-76 (641 ms) | Cu-77 (469 ms) | Cu-78 (342 ms) | Cu-57 (196.3 ms) | Cu-79 (188 ms) | Cu-56 (93 ms) | Cu-55 (40 ms) | Cu-80 (300 ns) | Cu-53 (300 ns) | Cu-54 (75 ns) neutron cross-section | 3.78 b neutron mass absorption | 0.0021 m^2/kg

Identifiers

CAS number | 7440-50-8 PubChem CID number | 23978
CAS number | 7440-50-8 PubChem CID number | 23978

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