Input interpretation
nitric acid + magnesium oxide ⟶ water + magnesium nitrate
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, N, O and Mg: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 N: | c_1 = 2 c_4 O: | 3 c_1 + c_2 = c_3 + 6 c_4 Mg: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 + ⟶ +
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
nitric acid + magnesium oxide ⟶ water + magnesium nitrate
Reaction thermodynamics
Gibbs free energy
| nitric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium nitrate molecular free energy | -80.7 kJ/mol | -569.3 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -589.4 kJ/mol total free energy | -161.4 kJ/mol | -569.3 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -589.4 kJ/mol | G_initial = -730.7 kJ/mol | | G_final = -826.5 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -826.5 kJ/mol - -730.7 kJ/mol = -95.8 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| nitric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium nitrate Hill formula | HNO_3 | MgO | H_2O | MgN_2O_6 name | nitric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium nitrate IUPAC name | nitric acid | oxomagnesium | water | magnesium dinitrate
Substance properties
| nitric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium nitrate molar mass | 63.012 g/mol | 40.304 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 148.31 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | -41.6 °C | 2852 °C | 0 °C | 88.9 °C boiling point | 83 °C | 3600 °C | 99.9839 °C | 330 °C density | 1.5129 g/cm^3 | 3.58 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 1.2051 g/cm^3 solubility in water | miscible | | | surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 7.6×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | | odorless | odorless |
Units
