aluminum vs sodium vs magnesium

aluminum (chemical element) | sodium (chemical element) | magnesium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| aluminum | sodium | magnesium atomic symbol | Al | Na | Mg atomic number | 13 | 11 | 12 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^1 | [Ne]3s^1 | [Ne]3s^2 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 3s | 3s block | p | s | s group | 13 | 1 | 2 period | 3 | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 26.9815385 u | 22.98976928 u | 24.305 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| aluminum | sodium | magnesium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 660.32 °C | 97.72 °C | 650 °C boiling point | 2519 °C | 883 °C | 1090 °C critical temperature | | 2573 K | (unknown) critical pressure | | 35 MPa | (unknown) molar heat of fusion | 10.7 kJ/mol | 2.6 kJ/mol | 8.7 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 293 kJ/mol | 97.7 kJ/mol | 128 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 904 J/(kg K) | 1230 J/(kg K) | 1020 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| aluminum | sodium | magnesium density | 2.7 g/cm^3 | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 1.738 g/cm^3 liquid density | 2.375 g/cm^3 | 0.927 g/cm^3 | 1.584 g/cm^3 molar volume | 10 cm^3/mol | 23.7 cm^3/mol | 13.98 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.75 (between calcite and gypsum) | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) Vickers hardness | 167 MPa | | (unknown) Brinell hardness | 245 MPa | 0.69 MPa | 260 MPa bulk modulus | 76 GPa | 6.3 GPa | 45 GPa shear modulus | 26 GPa | 3.3 GPa | 17 GPa Young's modulus | 70 GPa | 10 GPa | 45 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.35 | | 0.29 ultimate tensile strength | | 10 MPa | sound speed | 5100 m/s | 3200 m/s | 4602 m/s thermal expansion | 2.31×10^-5 K^(-1) | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 235 W/(m K) | 140 W/(m K) | 160 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| aluminum | sodium | magnesium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 2.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 3.8×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.11×10^-5 | 8.5×10^-6 | 1.2×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 7.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (4.06 to 4.26) eV | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | (9.817×10^14 to 1.03×10^15) Hz (hertz) | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 1.175 K (kelvins) | | (unknown) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| aluminum | sodium | magnesium valence | 3 | 1 | 2 electronegativity | 1.61 | 0.93 | 1.31 electron affinity | 42.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 577.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 577.5 kJ/mol | 1816.7 kJ/mol | 2744.8 kJ/mol | 11577 kJ/mol | 14842 kJ/mol | 18379 kJ/mol | 23326 kJ/mol | 27465 kJ/mol | 31853 kJ/mol | 38473 kJ/mol | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| aluminum | sodium | magnesium term symbol | ^2P_(1/2) | ^2S_(1/2) | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 125 pm | 180 pm | 150 pm covalent radius | 121 pm | 166 pm | 141 pm van der Waals radius | | 227 pm | 173 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| aluminum | sodium | magnesium universe abundance | 0.005 mass% | 0.002 mass% | 0.06 mass% solar abundance | 0.006 mass% | 0.004 mass% | 0.07 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.91 mass% | 0.55 mass% | 12 mass% crust abundance | 8.1 mass% | 2.3 mass% | 2.9 mass% ocean abundance | 5×10^-7 mass% | 1.1 mass% | 0.13 mass% human abundance | 9×10^-5 mass% | 0.14 mass% | 0.027 mass% universe molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 1×10^-4 mol% | 0.003 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-4 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 0.003 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.67 mol% | 0.48 mol% | 10 mol% ocean molar abundance | 1.1×10^-7 mol% | 0.3 mol% | 0.034 mol% crust molar abundance | 6.3 mol% | 2.1 mol% | 2.5 mol% human molar abundance | 2.1×10^-5 mol% | 0.038 mol% | 0.007 mol%