Input interpretation
actinium (chemical element) | francium (chemical element) | thorium (chemical element)
Periodic table location
Periodic table location
Images
Images
Basic elemental properties
![| actinium | francium | thorium atomic symbol | Ac | Fr | Th atomic number | 89 | 87 | 90 short electronic configuration | [Rn]7s^26d^1 | [Rn]7s^1 | [Rn]7s^26d^2 Aufbau diagram | 6d 7s | 7s | 6d 7s block | f | s | f group | | 1 | period | 7 | 7 | 7 atomic mass | 227 u | 223 u | 232.0377 u half-life | 21.787 yr | 22 min | 14.06 Gyr](../image_source/1a082287eb54fb5afb2c025c19a9a96e.png)
| actinium | francium | thorium atomic symbol | Ac | Fr | Th atomic number | 89 | 87 | 90 short electronic configuration | [Rn]7s^26d^1 | [Rn]7s^1 | [Rn]7s^26d^2 Aufbau diagram | 6d 7s | 7s | 6d 7s block | f | s | f group | | 1 | period | 7 | 7 | 7 atomic mass | 227 u | 223 u | 232.0377 u half-life | 21.787 yr | 22 min | 14.06 Gyr
Thermodynamic properties
| actinium | francium | thorium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1050 °C | | 1750 °C boiling point | 3200 °C | | 4820 °C molar heat of fusion | 14 kJ/mol | 2 kJ/mol | 16 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 400 kJ/mol | 65 kJ/mol | 530 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 120 J/(kg K) | | 118 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
Material properties
| actinium | thorium density | 10.07 g/cm^3 | 11.724 g/cm^3 molar volume | 22.5 cm^3/mol | 19.792 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 3 (≈ calcite) Vickers hardness | | 350 MPa Brinell hardness | | 400 MPa bulk modulus | | 54 GPa shear modulus | | 31 GPa Young's modulus | | 79 GPa Poisson ratio | | 0.27 tensile yield strength | | 144 MPa ultimate tensile strength | | 219 MPa sound speed | | 2490 m/s thermal expansion | | 1.1×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 12 W/(m K) | 54 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
Electromagnetic properties
| actinium | francium | thorium electrical type | | | conductor resistivity | | | 1.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | | | 6.7×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | | | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | | | 8.4×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | | | 7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | | | 1.7×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | | 3.4 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | | 8.221×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 1.38 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)
Reactivity
| actinium | francium | thorium valence | 3 | 1 | 4 electronegativity | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.3 first ionization energy | 499 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 380 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 587 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 499 kJ/mol | 1170 kJ/mol | 380 kJ/mol | 587 kJ/mol | 1110 kJ/mol | 1930 kJ/mol | 2780 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Atomic properties
| actinium | francium | thorium term symbol | ^2D_(3/2) | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3F_2 atomic radius | 195 pm | | 180 pm covalent radius | 215 pm | 260 pm | 206 pm (electronic ground state properties)
Abundances
| actinium | francium | thorium universe abundance | | | 4×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | 0 mass% | | 3×10^-8 mass% meteorite abundance | | | 3.9×10^-6 mass% crust abundance | | | 6×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | | | 4×10^-12 mass% human abundance | 0 mass% | 0 mass% | 0 mass% universe molar abundance | | | 2×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | 0 mol% | | 2×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | | | 3×10^-7 mol% ocean molar abundance | | | 1.1×10^-6 mol% crust molar abundance | | | 5.4×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 0 mol% | 0 mol% | 0 mol%
Nuclear properties
| actinium | francium | thorium half-life | 21.787 yr | 22 min | 14.06 Gyr specific radioactivity | 2.676 TBq/g | 1.421×10^6 TBq/g | 4.057 kBq/g decay mode | beta decay | beta decay | alpha emission stable isotopes | | | Th-232 (100%) unstable isotopes | Ac-227 (21.772 yr) | ... | Fr-223 (22 min) | ... | Th-230 (75440 yr) | ...
Units
