Input interpretation
calcium hydroxide + soda ash ⟶ sodium hydroxide + calcium carbonate
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Ca, H, O, C and Na: Ca: | c_1 = c_4 H: | 2 c_1 = c_3 O: | 2 c_1 + 3 c_2 = c_3 + 3 c_4 C: | c_2 = c_4 Na: | 2 c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | + ⟶ 2 +
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
calcium hydroxide + soda ash ⟶ sodium hydroxide + calcium carbonate
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| calcium hydroxide | soda ash | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate molecular enthalpy | -985.2 kJ/mol | -1131 kJ/mol | -425.8 kJ/mol | -1208 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -985.2 kJ/mol | -1131 kJ/mol | -851.6 kJ/mol | -1208 kJ/mol | H_initial = -2116 kJ/mol | | H_final = -2059 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -2059 kJ/mol - -2116 kJ/mol = 56.7 kJ/mol (endothermic) | | |
Gibbs free energy
| calcium hydroxide | soda ash | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate molecular free energy | -897.5 kJ/mol | -1044 kJ/mol | -379.7 kJ/mol | -1129 kJ/mol total free energy | -897.5 kJ/mol | -1044 kJ/mol | -759.4 kJ/mol | -1129 kJ/mol | G_initial = -1942 kJ/mol | | G_final = -1889 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -1889 kJ/mol - -1942 kJ/mol = 53.4 kJ/mol (endergonic) | | |
Entropy
| calcium hydroxide | soda ash | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate molecular entropy | 83 J/(mol K) | 136 J/(mol K) | 64 J/(mol K) | 91.7 J/(mol K) total entropy | 83 J/(mol K) | 136 J/(mol K) | 128 J/(mol K) | 91.7 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 219 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 219.7 J/(mol K) | ΔS_rxn^0 | 219.7 J/(mol K) - 219 J/(mol K) = 0.7 J/(mol K) (endoentropic) | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| calcium hydroxide | soda ash | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate Hill formula | CaH_2O_2 | CNa_2O_3 | HNaO | CCaO_3 name | calcium hydroxide | soda ash | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate IUPAC name | calcium dihydroxide | disodium carbonate | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate
Substance properties
| calcium hydroxide | soda ash | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate molar mass | 74.092 g/mol | 105.99 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 100.09 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 550 °C | 851 °C | 323 °C | 1340 °C boiling point | | 1600 °C | 1390 °C | density | 2.24 g/cm^3 | | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 2.71 g/cm^3 solubility in water | slightly soluble | soluble | soluble | insoluble surface tension | | | 0.07435 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | 0.00355 Pa s (at 900 °C) | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | odor | odorless | | |
Units
