copper vs nickel vs iron vs titanium

copper (chemical element) | nickel (chemical element) | iron (chemical element) | titanium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration copper | Cu | 29 | [Ar]4s^13d^10 nickel | Ni | 28 | [Ar]4s^23d^8 iron | Fe | 26 | [Ar]4s^23d^6 titanium | Ti | 22 | [Ar]4s^23d^2 | Aufbau diagram | block | group copper | 3d 4s | d | 11 nickel | 3d 4s | d | 10 iron | 3d 4s | d | 8 titanium | 3d 4s | d | 4 | period | atomic mass | half-life copper | 4 | 63.546 u | (stable) nickel | 4 | 58.6934 u | (stable) iron | 4 | 55.845 u | (stable) titanium | 4 | 47.867 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 1496 °C | highest | 1668 °C (titanium) | lowest | 1084.62 °C (copper) | distribution | boiling point | median | 2887 °C | highest | 3287 °C (titanium) | lowest | 2562 °C (copper) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 15.5 kJ/mol | highest | 18.7 kJ/mol (titanium) | lowest | 13.1 kJ/mol (copper) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 363 kJ/mol | highest | 425 kJ/mol (titanium) | lowest | 300 kJ/mol (copper) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 447 J/(kg K) | highest | 520 J/(kg K) (titanium) | lowest | 384.4 J/(kg K) (copper) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 8.391 g/cm^3 | highest | 8.96 g/cm^3 (copper) | lowest | 4.507 g/cm^3 (titanium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 7.395 g/cm^3 | highest | 8.02 g/cm^3 (copper) | lowest | 4.11 g/cm^3 (titanium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 7.092 cm^3/mol | highest | 10.62 cm^3/mol (titanium) | lowest | 6.589 cm^3/mol (nickel) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 4 | highest | 6 (≈ microcline) (titanium) | lowest | 3 (≈ calcite) (copper) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 369 MPa | 608 MPa | 638 MPa | 970 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 490 MPa | 700 MPa | 716 MPa | 874 MPa bulk modulus | median | 155 GPa | highest | 180 GPa (nickel) | lowest | 110 GPa (titanium) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 62 GPa | highest | 82 GPa (iron) | lowest | 44 GPa (titanium) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 170 GPa | highest | 211 GPa (iron) | lowest | 116 GPa (titanium) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.34 tensile yield strength | median | 59 MPa | highest | 140 MPa (titanium) | lowest | 50 MPa (iron) ultimate tensile strength | all | 220 MPa | 317 MPa sound speed | median | 4525 m/s | highest | 4970 m/s (nickel) | lowest | 3570 m/s (copper) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 1.26×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 1.65×10^-5 K^(-1) (copper) | lowest | 8.6×10^-6 K^(-1) (titanium) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 86 W/(m K) | highest | 400 W/(m K) (copper) | lowest | 22 W/(m K) (titanium) (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 8.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (titanium) | lowest | 1.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (copper) electrical conductivity | median | 1.2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 5.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (copper) | lowest | 2.5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (titanium) work function | all | 4.33 eV | (4.48 to 5.1) eV | (4.67 to 4.81) eV | (5.04 to 5.35) eV

valence | median | 2.5 | highest | 4 (titanium) | lowest | 2 (copper and nickel) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.86 | highest | 1.91 (nickel) | lowest | 1.54 (titanium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 63.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 118.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (copper) | lowest | 7.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (titanium) first ionization energy | median | 741.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 762.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (iron) | lowest | 658.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (titanium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3F_2 | ^3F_4 | ^5D_4 atomic radius | median | 137 pm | highest | 140 pm (iron and titanium) | lowest | 135 pm (copper and nickel) covalent radius | median | 132 pm | highest | 160 pm (titanium) | lowest | 124 pm (nickel) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 0.0032 mass% | highest | 0.11 mass% (iron) | lowest | 6×10^-6 mass% (copper) solar abundance | median | 0.0042 mass% | highest | 0.1 mass% (iron) | lowest | 7×10^-5 mass% (copper) meteorite abundance | median | 0.68 mass% | highest | 22 mass% (iron) | lowest | 0.011 mass% (copper) crust abundance | median | 0.33 mass% | highest | 6.3 mass% (iron) | lowest | 0.0068 mass% (copper) ocean abundance | median | 2.5×10^-7 mass% | highest | 3×10^-7 mass% (copper and iron) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mass% (titanium) | distribution | human abundance | median | 1×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.006 mass% (iron) | lowest | 1×10^-5 mass% (nickel) universe molar abundance | median | 5.4×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.002 mol% (iron) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mol% (copper) solar molar abundance | median | 1×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.003 mol% (iron) | lowest | 9.9×10^-7 mol% (copper) meteorite molar abundance | median | 0.23 mol% | highest | 7.8 mol% (iron) | lowest | 0.0031 mol% (copper) ocean molar abundance | median | 2.5×10^-8 mol% | highest | 3.3×10^-8 mol% (iron) | lowest | 1.3×10^-8 mol% (titanium) | distribution | crust molar abundance | median | 0.15 mol% | highest | 2.3 mol% (iron) | lowest | 0.0022 mol% (copper) human molar abundance | median | 9.9×10^-6 mol% | highest | 6.7×10^-4 mol% (iron) | lowest | 1.1×10^-6 mol% (nickel)