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H2O + Na2S + Ca(ClO2)2 = NaOH + S + CaCl2

Input interpretation

H_2O water + Na_2S sodium sulfide + Ca(ClO_2)_2 calcium chlorite ⟶ NaOH sodium hydroxide + S mixed sulfur + CaCl_2 calcium chloride
H_2O water + Na_2S sodium sulfide + Ca(ClO_2)_2 calcium chlorite ⟶ NaOH sodium hydroxide + S mixed sulfur + CaCl_2 calcium chloride

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + Na_2S + Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ NaOH + S + CaCl_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 Na_2S + c_3 Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ c_4 NaOH + c_5 S + c_6 CaCl_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Na, S, Ca and Cl: H: | 2 c_1 = c_4 O: | c_1 + 4 c_3 = c_4 Na: | 2 c_2 = c_4 S: | c_2 = c_5 Ca: | c_3 = c_6 Cl: | 2 c_3 = 2 c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 4 c_2 = 4 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 8 c_5 = 4 c_6 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 4 H_2O + 4 Na_2S + Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ 8 NaOH + 4 S + CaCl_2
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + Na_2S + Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ NaOH + S + CaCl_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 Na_2S + c_3 Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ c_4 NaOH + c_5 S + c_6 CaCl_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Na, S, Ca and Cl: H: | 2 c_1 = c_4 O: | c_1 + 4 c_3 = c_4 Na: | 2 c_2 = c_4 S: | c_2 = c_5 Ca: | c_3 = c_6 Cl: | 2 c_3 = 2 c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 4 c_2 = 4 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 8 c_5 = 4 c_6 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 4 H_2O + 4 Na_2S + Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ 8 NaOH + 4 S + CaCl_2

Structures

+ + ⟶ + +
+ + ⟶ + +

Names

water + sodium sulfide + calcium chlorite ⟶ sodium hydroxide + mixed sulfur + calcium chloride
water + sodium sulfide + calcium chlorite ⟶ sodium hydroxide + mixed sulfur + calcium chloride

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + Na_2S + Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ NaOH + S + CaCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2O + 4 Na_2S + Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ 8 NaOH + 4 S + CaCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 4 | -4 Na_2S | 4 | -4 Ca(ClO_2)_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 8 | 8 S | 4 | 4 CaCl_2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 4 | -4 | ([H2O])^(-4) Na_2S | 4 | -4 | ([Na2S])^(-4) Ca(ClO_2)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Ca(ClO2)2])^(-1) NaOH | 8 | 8 | ([NaOH])^8 S | 4 | 4 | ([S])^4 CaCl_2 | 1 | 1 | [CaCl2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-4) ([Na2S])^(-4) ([Ca(ClO2)2])^(-1) ([NaOH])^8 ([S])^4 [CaCl2] = (([NaOH])^8 ([S])^4 [CaCl2])/(([H2O])^4 ([Na2S])^4 [Ca(ClO2)2])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + Na_2S + Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ NaOH + S + CaCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2O + 4 Na_2S + Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ 8 NaOH + 4 S + CaCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 4 | -4 Na_2S | 4 | -4 Ca(ClO_2)_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 8 | 8 S | 4 | 4 CaCl_2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 4 | -4 | ([H2O])^(-4) Na_2S | 4 | -4 | ([Na2S])^(-4) Ca(ClO_2)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Ca(ClO2)2])^(-1) NaOH | 8 | 8 | ([NaOH])^8 S | 4 | 4 | ([S])^4 CaCl_2 | 1 | 1 | [CaCl2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-4) ([Na2S])^(-4) ([Ca(ClO2)2])^(-1) ([NaOH])^8 ([S])^4 [CaCl2] = (([NaOH])^8 ([S])^4 [CaCl2])/(([H2O])^4 ([Na2S])^4 [Ca(ClO2)2])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + Na_2S + Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ NaOH + S + CaCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2O + 4 Na_2S + Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ 8 NaOH + 4 S + CaCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 4 | -4 Na_2S | 4 | -4 Ca(ClO_2)_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 8 | 8 S | 4 | 4 CaCl_2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Na_2S | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[Na2S])/(Δt) Ca(ClO_2)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Ca(ClO2)2])/(Δt) NaOH | 8 | 8 | 1/8 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) S | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[S])/(Δt) CaCl_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CaCl2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -1/4 (Δ[Na2S])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Ca(ClO2)2])/(Δt) = 1/8 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[S])/(Δt) = (Δ[CaCl2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + Na_2S + Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ NaOH + S + CaCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2O + 4 Na_2S + Ca(ClO_2)_2 ⟶ 8 NaOH + 4 S + CaCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 4 | -4 Na_2S | 4 | -4 Ca(ClO_2)_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 8 | 8 S | 4 | 4 CaCl_2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Na_2S | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[Na2S])/(Δt) Ca(ClO_2)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Ca(ClO2)2])/(Δt) NaOH | 8 | 8 | 1/8 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) S | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[S])/(Δt) CaCl_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CaCl2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -1/4 (Δ[Na2S])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Ca(ClO2)2])/(Δt) = 1/8 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[S])/(Δt) = (Δ[CaCl2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| water | sodium sulfide | calcium chlorite | sodium hydroxide | mixed sulfur | calcium chloride formula | H_2O | Na_2S | Ca(ClO_2)_2 | NaOH | S | CaCl_2 Hill formula | H_2O | Na_2S_1 | CaCl_2O_4 | HNaO | S | CaCl_2 name | water | sodium sulfide | calcium chlorite | sodium hydroxide | mixed sulfur | calcium chloride IUPAC name | water | | calcium dichlorite | sodium hydroxide | sulfur | calcium dichloride
| water | sodium sulfide | calcium chlorite | sodium hydroxide | mixed sulfur | calcium chloride formula | H_2O | Na_2S | Ca(ClO_2)_2 | NaOH | S | CaCl_2 Hill formula | H_2O | Na_2S_1 | CaCl_2O_4 | HNaO | S | CaCl_2 name | water | sodium sulfide | calcium chlorite | sodium hydroxide | mixed sulfur | calcium chloride IUPAC name | water | | calcium dichlorite | sodium hydroxide | sulfur | calcium dichloride

Substance properties

| water | sodium sulfide | calcium chlorite | sodium hydroxide | mixed sulfur | calcium chloride molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 78.04 g/mol | 175 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 32.06 g/mol | 111 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 0 °C | 1172 °C | | 323 °C | 112.8 °C | 772 °C boiling point | 99.9839 °C | | | 1390 °C | 444.7 °C | density | 1 g/cm^3 | 1.856 g/cm^3 | 2.71 g/cm^3 | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 2.07 g/cm^3 | 2.15 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | | | soluble | | soluble surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | | 0.07435 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | odor | odorless | | | | |
| water | sodium sulfide | calcium chlorite | sodium hydroxide | mixed sulfur | calcium chloride molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 78.04 g/mol | 175 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 32.06 g/mol | 111 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 0 °C | 1172 °C | | 323 °C | 112.8 °C | 772 °C boiling point | 99.9839 °C | | | 1390 °C | 444.7 °C | density | 1 g/cm^3 | 1.856 g/cm^3 | 2.71 g/cm^3 | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 2.07 g/cm^3 | 2.15 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | | | soluble | | soluble surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | | 0.07435 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | odor | odorless | | | | |

Units

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