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H2O + Ni(OH)2 + NaOCl = NaCl + Ni(OH)3

Input interpretation

H_2O water + Ni(OH)_2 nickel(II) hydroxide + NaOCl sodium hypochlorite ⟶ NaCl sodium chloride + Ni(OH)3
H_2O water + Ni(OH)_2 nickel(II) hydroxide + NaOCl sodium hypochlorite ⟶ NaCl sodium chloride + Ni(OH)3

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + Ni(OH)_2 + NaOCl ⟶ NaCl + Ni(OH)3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 Ni(OH)_2 + c_3 NaOCl ⟶ c_4 NaCl + c_5 Ni(OH)3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Ni, Cl and Na: H: | 2 c_1 + 2 c_2 = 3 c_5 O: | c_1 + 2 c_2 + c_3 = 3 c_5 Ni: | c_2 = c_5 Cl: | c_3 = c_4 Na: | c_3 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + 2 Ni(OH)_2 + NaOCl ⟶ NaCl + 2 Ni(OH)3
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + Ni(OH)_2 + NaOCl ⟶ NaCl + Ni(OH)3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 Ni(OH)_2 + c_3 NaOCl ⟶ c_4 NaCl + c_5 Ni(OH)3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Ni, Cl and Na: H: | 2 c_1 + 2 c_2 = 3 c_5 O: | c_1 + 2 c_2 + c_3 = 3 c_5 Ni: | c_2 = c_5 Cl: | c_3 = c_4 Na: | c_3 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + 2 Ni(OH)_2 + NaOCl ⟶ NaCl + 2 Ni(OH)3

Structures

+ + ⟶ + Ni(OH)3
+ + ⟶ + Ni(OH)3

Names

water + nickel(II) hydroxide + sodium hypochlorite ⟶ sodium chloride + Ni(OH)3
water + nickel(II) hydroxide + sodium hypochlorite ⟶ sodium chloride + Ni(OH)3

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + Ni(OH)_2 + NaOCl ⟶ NaCl + Ni(OH)3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + 2 Ni(OH)_2 + NaOCl ⟶ NaCl + 2 Ni(OH)3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Ni(OH)_2 | 2 | -2 NaOCl | 1 | -1 NaCl | 1 | 1 Ni(OH)3 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) Ni(OH)_2 | 2 | -2 | ([Ni(OH)2])^(-2) NaOCl | 1 | -1 | ([NaOCl])^(-1) NaCl | 1 | 1 | [NaCl] Ni(OH)3 | 2 | 2 | ([Ni(OH)3])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([Ni(OH)2])^(-2) ([NaOCl])^(-1) [NaCl] ([Ni(OH)3])^2 = ([NaCl] ([Ni(OH)3])^2)/([H2O] ([Ni(OH)2])^2 [NaOCl])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + Ni(OH)_2 + NaOCl ⟶ NaCl + Ni(OH)3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + 2 Ni(OH)_2 + NaOCl ⟶ NaCl + 2 Ni(OH)3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Ni(OH)_2 | 2 | -2 NaOCl | 1 | -1 NaCl | 1 | 1 Ni(OH)3 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) Ni(OH)_2 | 2 | -2 | ([Ni(OH)2])^(-2) NaOCl | 1 | -1 | ([NaOCl])^(-1) NaCl | 1 | 1 | [NaCl] Ni(OH)3 | 2 | 2 | ([Ni(OH)3])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([Ni(OH)2])^(-2) ([NaOCl])^(-1) [NaCl] ([Ni(OH)3])^2 = ([NaCl] ([Ni(OH)3])^2)/([H2O] ([Ni(OH)2])^2 [NaOCl])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + Ni(OH)_2 + NaOCl ⟶ NaCl + Ni(OH)3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + 2 Ni(OH)_2 + NaOCl ⟶ NaCl + 2 Ni(OH)3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Ni(OH)_2 | 2 | -2 NaOCl | 1 | -1 NaCl | 1 | 1 Ni(OH)3 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Ni(OH)_2 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Ni(OH)2])/(Δt) NaOCl | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NaOCl])/(Δt) NaCl | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Ni(OH)3 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[Ni(OH)3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[Ni(OH)2])/(Δt) = -(Δ[NaOCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[Ni(OH)3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + Ni(OH)_2 + NaOCl ⟶ NaCl + Ni(OH)3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + 2 Ni(OH)_2 + NaOCl ⟶ NaCl + 2 Ni(OH)3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Ni(OH)_2 | 2 | -2 NaOCl | 1 | -1 NaCl | 1 | 1 Ni(OH)3 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Ni(OH)_2 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Ni(OH)2])/(Δt) NaOCl | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NaOCl])/(Δt) NaCl | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Ni(OH)3 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[Ni(OH)3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[Ni(OH)2])/(Δt) = -(Δ[NaOCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[Ni(OH)3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| water | nickel(II) hydroxide | sodium hypochlorite | sodium chloride | Ni(OH)3 formula | H_2O | Ni(OH)_2 | NaOCl | NaCl | Ni(OH)3 Hill formula | H_2O | H_2NiO_2 | ClNaO | ClNa | H3NiO3 name | water | nickel(II) hydroxide | sodium hypochlorite | sodium chloride |
| water | nickel(II) hydroxide | sodium hypochlorite | sodium chloride | Ni(OH)3 formula | H_2O | Ni(OH)_2 | NaOCl | NaCl | Ni(OH)3 Hill formula | H_2O | H_2NiO_2 | ClNaO | ClNa | H3NiO3 name | water | nickel(II) hydroxide | sodium hypochlorite | sodium chloride |

Substance properties

| water | nickel(II) hydroxide | sodium hypochlorite | sodium chloride | Ni(OH)3 molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 92.707 g/mol | 74.44 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 109.71 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 0 °C | | -6 °C | 801 °C | boiling point | 99.9839 °C | | | 1413 °C | density | 1 g/cm^3 | | 1.11 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | | | miscible | soluble | surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | | odor | odorless | | | odorless |
| water | nickel(II) hydroxide | sodium hypochlorite | sodium chloride | Ni(OH)3 molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 92.707 g/mol | 74.44 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 109.71 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 0 °C | | -6 °C | 801 °C | boiling point | 99.9839 °C | | | 1413 °C | density | 1 g/cm^3 | | 1.11 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | | | miscible | soluble | surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | | odor | odorless | | | odorless |

Units

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