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sulfur vs bromine vs chlorine

Input interpretation

sulfur (chemical element) | bromine (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element)
sulfur (chemical element) | bromine (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| sulfur | bromine | chlorine atomic symbol | S | Br | Cl atomic number | 16 | 35 | 17 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 4p 3d 4s | 3p 3s block | p | p | p group | 16 | 17 | 17 period | 3 | 4 | 3 atomic mass | 32.06 u | 79.904 u | 35.45 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| sulfur | bromine | chlorine atomic symbol | S | Br | Cl atomic number | 16 | 35 | 17 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 4p 3d 4s | 3p 3s block | p | p | p group | 16 | 17 | 17 period | 3 | 4 | 3 atomic mass | 32.06 u | 79.904 u | 35.45 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| sulfur | bromine | chlorine phase at STP | solid | liquid | gas melting point | 115.21 °C | -7.3 °C | -101.5 °C boiling point | 444.72 °C | 59 °C | -34.04 °C critical temperature | 1314 K | 588 K | 416.9 K critical pressure | 20.7 MPa | 10.34 MPa | 7.991 MPa molar heat of fusion | 1.73 kJ/mol | 5.8 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 9.8 kJ/mol | 14.8 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 705 J/(kg K) | 947.3 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | | 7/5 (properties at standard conditions)
| sulfur | bromine | chlorine phase at STP | solid | liquid | gas melting point | 115.21 °C | -7.3 °C | -101.5 °C boiling point | 444.72 °C | 59 °C | -34.04 °C critical temperature | 1314 K | 588 K | 416.9 K critical pressure | 20.7 MPa | 10.34 MPa | 7.991 MPa molar heat of fusion | 1.73 kJ/mol | 5.8 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 9.8 kJ/mol | 14.8 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 705 J/(kg K) | 947.3 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | | 7/5 (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| sulfur | bromine | chlorine density | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 3.12 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.819 g/cm^3 | 3.12 g/cm^3 | molar volume | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 25.61 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2 (≈ gypsum) | | bulk modulus | 7.7 GPa | 1.9 GPa | 1.1 GPa refractive index | 1.001111 | 1.001132 | 1.000773 sound speed | | | 206 m/s thermal conductivity | 0.205 W/(m K) | 0.12 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| sulfur | bromine | chlorine density | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 3.12 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.819 g/cm^3 | 3.12 g/cm^3 | molar volume | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 25.61 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2 (≈ gypsum) | | bulk modulus | 7.7 GPa | 1.9 GPa | 1.1 GPa refractive index | 1.001111 | 1.001132 | 1.000773 sound speed | | | 206 m/s thermal conductivity | 0.205 W/(m K) | 0.12 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| sulfur | bromine | chlorine electrical type | insulator | insulator | insulator resistivity | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^10 Ω m (ohm meters) | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-10 S/m (siemens per meter) | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.22×10^-5 | -1.53×10^-5 | -2.31×10^-8 mass magnetic susceptibility | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -4.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -7.83×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) color | (yellow) | (red) | (yellow) refractive index | 1.001111 | 1.001132 | 1.000773
| sulfur | bromine | chlorine electrical type | insulator | insulator | insulator resistivity | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^10 Ω m (ohm meters) | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-10 S/m (siemens per meter) | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.22×10^-5 | -1.53×10^-5 | -2.31×10^-8 mass magnetic susceptibility | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -4.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -7.83×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) color | (yellow) | (red) | (yellow) refractive index | 1.001111 | 1.001132 | 1.000773

Reactivity

| sulfur | bromine | chlorine valence | 6 | 5 | 5 electronegativity | 2.58 | 2.96 | 3.16 electron affinity | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 324.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1139.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 1139.9 kJ/mol | 2103 kJ/mol | 3470 kJ/mol | 4560 kJ/mol | 5760 kJ/mol | 8550 kJ/mol | 9940 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol
| sulfur | bromine | chlorine valence | 6 | 5 | 5 electronegativity | 2.58 | 2.96 | 3.16 electron affinity | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 324.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1139.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 1139.9 kJ/mol | 2103 kJ/mol | 3470 kJ/mol | 4560 kJ/mol | 5760 kJ/mol | 8550 kJ/mol | 9940 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| sulfur | bromine | chlorine term symbol | ^3P_2 | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) atomic radius | 100 pm | 115 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 105 pm | 120 pm | 102 pm van der Waals radius | 180 pm | 185 pm | 175 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| sulfur | bromine | chlorine term symbol | ^3P_2 | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) atomic radius | 100 pm | 115 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 105 pm | 120 pm | 102 pm van der Waals radius | 180 pm | 185 pm | 175 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| sulfur | bromine | chlorine universe abundance | 0.05 mass% | 7×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | 0.04 mass% | | 8×10^-4 mass% meteorite abundance | 4 mass% | 1.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.037 mass% crust abundance | 0.042 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% | 0.017 mass% ocean abundance | 0.093 mass% | 0.0067 mass% | 2 mass% human abundance | 0.2 mass% | 2.9×10^-4 mass% | 0.12 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.002 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | | 3×10^-5 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2.2 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.016 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.018 mol% | 5.2×10^-4 mol% | 0.35 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.027 mol% | 7.8×10^-5 mol% | 0.0099 mol% human molar abundance | 0.039 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.021 mol%
| sulfur | bromine | chlorine universe abundance | 0.05 mass% | 7×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | 0.04 mass% | | 8×10^-4 mass% meteorite abundance | 4 mass% | 1.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.037 mass% crust abundance | 0.042 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% | 0.017 mass% ocean abundance | 0.093 mass% | 0.0067 mass% | 2 mass% human abundance | 0.2 mass% | 2.9×10^-4 mass% | 0.12 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.002 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | | 3×10^-5 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2.2 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.016 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.018 mol% | 5.2×10^-4 mol% | 0.35 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.027 mol% | 7.8×10^-5 mol% | 0.0099 mol% human molar abundance | 0.039 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.021 mol%

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