HCl + MnO = H2O + Cl2 + MnCl

HCl (hydrogen chloride) + MnO (manganese monoxide) ⟶ H_2O (water) + Cl_2 (chlorine) + MnCl

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: HCl + MnO ⟶ H_2O + Cl_2 + MnCl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 HCl + c_2 MnO ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 Cl_2 + c_5 MnCl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl, H, Mn and O: Cl: | c_1 = 2 c_4 + c_5 H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Mn: | c_2 = c_5 O: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_4 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 4 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 4 HCl + 2 MnO ⟶ 2 H_2O + Cl_2 + 2 MnCl

+ ⟶ + + MnCl

hydrogen chloride + manganese monoxide ⟶ water + chlorine + MnCl

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: HCl + MnO ⟶ H_2O + Cl_2 + MnCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 HCl + 2 MnO ⟶ 2 H_2O + Cl_2 + 2 MnCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i HCl | 4 | -4 MnO | 2 | -2 H_2O | 2 | 2 Cl_2 | 1 | 1 MnCl | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression HCl | 4 | -4 | ([HCl])^(-4) MnO | 2 | -2 | ([MnO])^(-2) H_2O | 2 | 2 | ([H2O])^2 Cl_2 | 1 | 1 | [Cl2] MnCl | 2 | 2 | ([MnCl])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([HCl])^(-4) ([MnO])^(-2) ([H2O])^2 [Cl2] ([MnCl])^2 = (([H2O])^2 [Cl2] ([MnCl])^2)/(([HCl])^4 ([MnO])^2)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: HCl + MnO ⟶ H_2O + Cl_2 + MnCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 HCl + 2 MnO ⟶ 2 H_2O + Cl_2 + 2 MnCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i HCl | 4 | -4 MnO | 2 | -2 H_2O | 2 | 2 Cl_2 | 1 | 1 MnCl | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term HCl | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[HCl])/(Δt) MnO | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[MnO])/(Δt) H_2O | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Cl_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) MnCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[MnCl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/4 (Δ[HCl])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[MnO])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[MnCl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| hydrogen chloride | manganese monoxide | water | chlorine | MnCl formula | HCl | MnO | H_2O | Cl_2 | MnCl Hill formula | ClH | MnO | H_2O | Cl_2 | ClMn name | hydrogen chloride | manganese monoxide | water | chlorine | IUPAC name | hydrogen chloride | oxomanganese | water | molecular chlorine |

| hydrogen chloride | manganese monoxide | water | chlorine | MnCl molar mass | 36.46 g/mol | 70.937 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 70.9 g/mol | 90.39 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | melting point | -114.17 °C | 1840 °C | 0 °C | -101 °C | boiling point | -85 °C | | 99.9839 °C | -34 °C | density | 0.00149 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | 5.45 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | solubility in water | miscible | insoluble | | | surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | | | odorless | |