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boron

Input interpretation

boron (chemical element)
boron (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Image

Image
Image

Basic elemental properties

atomic symbol | B atomic number | 5 short electronic configuration | [He]2s^22p^1 Aufbau diagram | 2p 2s block | p group | 13 period | 2 atomic mass | 10.81 u (unified atomic mass units)
atomic symbol | B atomic number | 5 short electronic configuration | [He]2s^22p^1 Aufbau diagram | 2p 2s block | p group | 13 period | 2 atomic mass | 10.81 u (unified atomic mass units)

Thermodynamic properties

phase at STP | solid melting point | 2075 °C (rank: 12th) boiling point | 4000 °C (rank: 14th) molar heat of fusion | 50 kJ/mol (rank: 2nd) molar heat of vaporization | 507 kJ/mol (rank: 14th) specific heat at STP | 1030 J/(kg K) (rank: 7th) (properties at standard conditions)
phase at STP | solid melting point | 2075 °C (rank: 12th) boiling point | 4000 °C (rank: 14th) molar heat of fusion | 50 kJ/mol (rank: 2nd) molar heat of vaporization | 507 kJ/mol (rank: 14th) specific heat at STP | 1030 J/(kg K) (rank: 7th) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

density | 2.46 g/cm^3 (rank: 73rd) liquid density | 2.08 g/cm^3 molar volume | 4.394 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 9.3 (between corundum and diamond) Vickers hardness | 49000 MPa (rank: 1st) bulk modulus | 320 GPa (rank: 3rd) ultimate tensile strength | 2 MPa (rank: 39th) sound speed | 16200 m/s (rank: 2nd) thermal expansion | 6×10^-6 K^(-1) (rank: 57th) thermal conductivity | 27 W/(m K) (rank: 45th) (properties at standard conditions)
density | 2.46 g/cm^3 (rank: 73rd) liquid density | 2.08 g/cm^3 molar volume | 4.394 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 9.3 (between corundum and diamond) Vickers hardness | 49000 MPa (rank: 1st) bulk modulus | 320 GPa (rank: 3rd) ultimate tensile strength | 2 MPa (rank: 39th) sound speed | 16200 m/s (rank: 2nd) thermal expansion | 6×10^-6 K^(-1) (rank: 57th) thermal conductivity | 27 W/(m K) (rank: 45th) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

electrical type | insulator resistivity | 10000 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-4 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.14×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -8.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -9.41×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.45 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.076×10^15 Hz (hertz) color | (black)
electrical type | insulator resistivity | 10000 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-4 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.14×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -8.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -9.41×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.45 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.076×10^15 Hz (hertz) color | (black)

Reactivity

valence | 3 electronegativity | 2.04 electron affinity | 26.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 800.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 800.6 kJ/mol | 2427.1 kJ/mol | 3659.7 kJ/mol | 25025.8 kJ/mol | 32826.7 kJ/mol
valence | 3 electronegativity | 2.04 electron affinity | 26.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 800.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 800.6 kJ/mol | 2427.1 kJ/mol | 3659.7 kJ/mol | 25025.8 kJ/mol | 32826.7 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

term symbol | ^2P_(1/2) atomic radius | 85 pm covalent radius | 84 pm (electronic ground state properties)
term symbol | ^2P_(1/2) atomic radius | 85 pm covalent radius | 84 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral boron atomic spectrum)
(neutral boron atomic spectrum)

Abundances

universe abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% (rank: 61st) solar abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% (rank: 50th) meteorite abundance | 1.6×10^-4 mass% (rank: 36th) crust abundance | 8.6×10^-4 mass% (rank: 37th) ocean abundance | 4.4×10^-4 mass% (rank: 11th) human abundance | 7×10^-5 mass% (rank: 22nd) universe molar abundance | 1×10^-8 mol% (rank: 35th) solar molar abundance | 2×10^-8 mol% (rank: 33rd) meteorite molar abundance | 3×10^-4 mol% (rank: 26th) ocean molar abundance | 2.5×10^-4 mol% (rank: 10th) crust molar abundance | 0.0017 mol% (rank: 27th) human molar abundance | 4.1×10^-5 mol% (rank: 16th)
universe abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% (rank: 61st) solar abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% (rank: 50th) meteorite abundance | 1.6×10^-4 mass% (rank: 36th) crust abundance | 8.6×10^-4 mass% (rank: 37th) ocean abundance | 4.4×10^-4 mass% (rank: 11th) human abundance | 7×10^-5 mass% (rank: 22nd) universe molar abundance | 1×10^-8 mol% (rank: 35th) solar molar abundance | 2×10^-8 mol% (rank: 33rd) meteorite molar abundance | 3×10^-4 mol% (rank: 26th) ocean molar abundance | 2.5×10^-4 mol% (rank: 10th) crust molar abundance | 0.0017 mol% (rank: 27th) human molar abundance | 4.1×10^-5 mol% (rank: 16th)

Nuclear properties

half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | B-11 (80.2%) | B-10 (19.8%) nuclear spin | B-6: 2^- | B-7: 3/2^- | B-8: 2^+ | B-9: 3/2^- | B-10: 3^+ | B-11: 3/2^- | B-12: 1^+ | B-13: 3/2^- | B-14: 2^- | B-15: 3/2^- | B-16: 0^- | B-17: 3/2^- | B-18: 4^- | B-19: 3/2^- unstable isotopes | B-8 (770 ms) | B-12 (20.2 ms) | B-13 (17.33 ms) | B-14 (12.5 ms) | B-15 (9.93 ms) | B-17 (5.08 ms) | B-19 (2.92 ms) | B-18 (26 ns) | B-16 (190 ps) | B-9 (845 zs) | B-7 (0.33 zs) neutron cross-section | 760 b neutron mass absorption | 2.4 m^2/kg
half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | B-11 (80.2%) | B-10 (19.8%) nuclear spin | B-6: 2^- | B-7: 3/2^- | B-8: 2^+ | B-9: 3/2^- | B-10: 3^+ | B-11: 3/2^- | B-12: 1^+ | B-13: 3/2^- | B-14: 2^- | B-15: 3/2^- | B-16: 0^- | B-17: 3/2^- | B-18: 4^- | B-19: 3/2^- unstable isotopes | B-8 (770 ms) | B-12 (20.2 ms) | B-13 (17.33 ms) | B-14 (12.5 ms) | B-15 (9.93 ms) | B-17 (5.08 ms) | B-19 (2.92 ms) | B-18 (26 ns) | B-16 (190 ps) | B-9 (845 zs) | B-7 (0.33 zs) neutron cross-section | 760 b neutron mass absorption | 2.4 m^2/kg

Identifiers

CAS number | 7440-42-8 PubChem CID number | 5462311
CAS number | 7440-42-8 PubChem CID number | 5462311

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