NH3 + SnCl4 = N2 + SnCl3 + H2Cl

NH_3 ammonia + SnCl_4 stannic chloride ⟶ N_2 nitrogen + SnCl3 + H2Cl

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NH_3 + SnCl_4 ⟶ N_2 + SnCl3 + H2Cl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NH_3 + c_2 SnCl_4 ⟶ c_3 N_2 + c_4 SnCl3 + c_5 H2Cl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, N, Cl and Sn: H: | 3 c_1 = 2 c_5 N: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Cl: | 4 c_2 = 3 c_4 + c_5 Sn: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 3 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 3 c_5 = 3 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 NH_3 + 3 SnCl_4 ⟶ N_2 + 3 SnCl3 + 3 H2Cl

+ ⟶ + SnCl3 + H2Cl

ammonia + stannic chloride ⟶ nitrogen + SnCl3 + H2Cl

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NH_3 + SnCl_4 ⟶ N_2 + SnCl3 + H2Cl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NH_3 + 3 SnCl_4 ⟶ N_2 + 3 SnCl3 + 3 H2Cl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NH_3 | 2 | -2 SnCl_4 | 3 | -3 N_2 | 1 | 1 SnCl3 | 3 | 3 H2Cl | 3 | 3 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NH_3 | 2 | -2 | ([NH3])^(-2) SnCl_4 | 3 | -3 | ([SnCl4])^(-3) N_2 | 1 | 1 | [N2] SnCl3 | 3 | 3 | ([SnCl3])^3 H2Cl | 3 | 3 | ([H2Cl])^3 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NH3])^(-2) ([SnCl4])^(-3) [N2] ([SnCl3])^3 ([H2Cl])^3 = ([N2] ([SnCl3])^3 ([H2Cl])^3)/(([NH3])^2 ([SnCl4])^3)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NH_3 + SnCl_4 ⟶ N_2 + SnCl3 + H2Cl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NH_3 + 3 SnCl_4 ⟶ N_2 + 3 SnCl3 + 3 H2Cl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NH_3 | 2 | -2 SnCl_4 | 3 | -3 N_2 | 1 | 1 SnCl3 | 3 | 3 H2Cl | 3 | 3 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NH_3 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NH3])/(Δt) SnCl_4 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[SnCl4])/(Δt) N_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[N2])/(Δt) SnCl3 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[SnCl3])/(Δt) H2Cl | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[H2Cl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[NH3])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[SnCl4])/(Δt) = (Δ[N2])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[SnCl3])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[H2Cl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| ammonia | stannic chloride | nitrogen | SnCl3 | H2Cl formula | NH_3 | SnCl_4 | N_2 | SnCl3 | H2Cl Hill formula | H_3N | Cl_4Sn | N_2 | Cl3Sn | H2Cl name | ammonia | stannic chloride | nitrogen | | IUPAC name | ammonia | tetrachlorostannane | molecular nitrogen | |

| ammonia | stannic chloride | nitrogen | SnCl3 | H2Cl molar mass | 17.031 g/mol | 260.5 g/mol | 28.014 g/mol | 225.1 g/mol | 37.47 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | | melting point | -77.73 °C | -33 °C | -210 °C | | boiling point | -33.33 °C | 114 °C | -195.79 °C | | density | 6.96×10^-4 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | 2.226 g/cm^3 | 0.001251 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | | solubility in water | | soluble | insoluble | | surface tension | 0.0234 N/m | | 0.0066 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 1.009×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 5.8×10^-4 Pa s (at 60 °C) | 1.78×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | | | odorless | |