H2O + NaOH + Si = H2 + NaSiO3

Input interpretation

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H_2O water + NaOH sodium hydroxide + Si silicon ⟶ H_2 hydrogen + NaSiO3

Balanced equation

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$Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2 + NaSiO3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 NaOH + c_3 Si ⟶ c_4 H_2 + c_5 NaSiO3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Na and Si: H: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_4 O: | c_1 + c_2 = 3 c_5 Na: | c_2 = c_5 Si: | c_3 = c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 5/2 c_5 = 1 Multiply by the least common denominator, 2, to eliminate fractional coefficients: c_1 = 4 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 5 c_5 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 4 H_2O + 2 NaOH + 2 Si ⟶ 5 H_2 + 2 NaSiO3$

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2 + NaSiO3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 NaOH + c_3 Si ⟶ c_4 H_2 + c_5 NaSiO3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Na and Si: H: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_4 O: | c_1 + c_2 = 3 c_5 Na: | c_2 = c_5 Si: | c_3 = c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 5/2 c_5 = 1 Multiply by the least common denominator, 2, to eliminate fractional coefficients: c_1 = 4 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 5 c_5 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 4 H_2O + 2 NaOH + 2 Si ⟶ 5 H_2 + 2 NaSiO3

+ + ⟶ + NaSiO3

Names

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water + sodium hydroxide + silicon ⟶ hydrogen + NaSiO3

Equilibrium constant

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Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2 + NaSiO3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2O + 2 NaOH + 2 Si ⟶ 5 H_2 + 2 NaSiO3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 4 | -4 NaOH | 2 | -2 Si | 2 | -2 H_2 | 5 | 5 NaSiO3 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 4 | -4 | ([H2O])^(-4) NaOH | 2 | -2 | ([NaOH])^(-2) Si | 2 | -2 | ([Si])^(-2) H_2 | 5 | 5 | ([H2])^5 NaSiO3 | 2 | 2 | ([NaSiO3])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-4) ([NaOH])^(-2) ([Si])^(-2) ([H2])^5 ([NaSiO3])^2 = (([H2])^5 ([NaSiO3])^2)/(([H2O])^4 ([NaOH])^2 ([Si])^2)

Rate of reaction

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Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2 + NaSiO3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2O + 2 NaOH + 2 Si ⟶ 5 H_2 + 2 NaSiO3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 4 | -4 NaOH | 2 | -2 Si | 2 | -2 H_2 | 5 | 5 NaSiO3 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) Si | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Si])/(Δt) H_2 | 5 | 5 | 1/5 (Δ[H2])/(Δt) NaSiO3 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[NaSiO3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[Si])/(Δt) = 1/5 (Δ[H2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[NaSiO3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)