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magnesium vs sodium

Input interpretation

magnesium (chemical element) | sodium (chemical element)
magnesium (chemical element) | sodium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| magnesium | sodium atomic symbol | Mg | Na atomic number | 12 | 11 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^2 | [Ne]3s^1 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 3s block | s | s group | 2 | 1 period | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 24.305 u | 22.98976928 u half-life | (stable) | (stable)
| magnesium | sodium atomic symbol | Mg | Na atomic number | 12 | 11 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^2 | [Ne]3s^1 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 3s block | s | s group | 2 | 1 period | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 24.305 u | 22.98976928 u half-life | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| magnesium | sodium phase at STP | solid | solid melting point | 650 °C | 97.72 °C boiling point | 1090 °C | 883 °C critical temperature | (unknown) | 2573 K critical pressure | (unknown) | 35 MPa molar heat of fusion | 8.7 kJ/mol | 2.6 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 128 kJ/mol | 97.7 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1020 J/(kg K) | 1230 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
| magnesium | sodium phase at STP | solid | solid melting point | 650 °C | 97.72 °C boiling point | 1090 °C | 883 °C critical temperature | (unknown) | 2573 K critical pressure | (unknown) | 35 MPa molar heat of fusion | 8.7 kJ/mol | 2.6 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 128 kJ/mol | 97.7 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1020 J/(kg K) | 1230 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| magnesium | sodium density | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 0.968 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.584 g/cm^3 | 0.927 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 23.7 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 260 MPa | 0.69 MPa bulk modulus | 45 GPa | 6.3 GPa shear modulus | 17 GPa | 3.3 GPa Young's modulus | 45 GPa | 10 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.29 | ultimate tensile strength | | 10 MPa sound speed | 4602 m/s | 3200 m/s thermal expansion | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 160 W/(m K) | 140 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| magnesium | sodium density | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 0.968 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.584 g/cm^3 | 0.927 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 23.7 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 260 MPa | 0.69 MPa bulk modulus | 45 GPa | 6.3 GPa shear modulus | 17 GPa | 3.3 GPa Young's modulus | 45 GPa | 10 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.29 | ultimate tensile strength | | 10 MPa sound speed | 4602 m/s | 3200 m/s thermal expansion | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 160 W/(m K) | 140 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| magnesium | sodium electrical type | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.2×10^-5 | 8.5×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (silver)
| magnesium | sodium electrical type | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.2×10^-5 | 8.5×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (silver)

Reactivity

| magnesium | sodium valence | 2 | 1 electronegativity | 1.31 | 0.93 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol
| magnesium | sodium valence | 2 | 1 electronegativity | 1.31 | 0.93 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| magnesium | sodium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 150 pm | 180 pm covalent radius | 141 pm | 166 pm van der Waals radius | 173 pm | 227 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| magnesium | sodium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 150 pm | 180 pm covalent radius | 141 pm | 166 pm van der Waals radius | 173 pm | 227 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| magnesium | sodium universe abundance | 0.06 mass% | 0.002 mass% solar abundance | 0.07 mass% | 0.004 mass% meteorite abundance | 12 mass% | 0.55 mass% crust abundance | 2.9 mass% | 2.3 mass% ocean abundance | 0.13 mass% | 1.1 mass% human abundance | 0.027 mass% | 0.14 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 1×10^-4 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 10 mol% | 0.48 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.034 mol% | 0.3 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.5 mol% | 2.1 mol% human molar abundance | 0.007 mol% | 0.038 mol%
| magnesium | sodium universe abundance | 0.06 mass% | 0.002 mass% solar abundance | 0.07 mass% | 0.004 mass% meteorite abundance | 12 mass% | 0.55 mass% crust abundance | 2.9 mass% | 2.3 mass% ocean abundance | 0.13 mass% | 1.1 mass% human abundance | 0.027 mass% | 0.14 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 1×10^-4 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 10 mol% | 0.48 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.034 mol% | 0.3 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.5 mol% | 2.1 mol% human molar abundance | 0.007 mol% | 0.038 mol%

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