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KOH + KNO3 + Cr2O3 = H2O + KNO2 + KCrO4

Input interpretation

KOH potassium hydroxide + KNO_3 potassium nitrate + Cr_2O_3 chromium(III) oxide ⟶ H_2O water + KNO_2 potassium nitrite + KCrO4
KOH potassium hydroxide + KNO_3 potassium nitrate + Cr_2O_3 chromium(III) oxide ⟶ H_2O water + KNO_2 potassium nitrite + KCrO4

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: KOH + KNO_3 + Cr_2O_3 ⟶ H_2O + KNO_2 + KCrO4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 KOH + c_2 KNO_3 + c_3 Cr_2O_3 ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 KNO_2 + c_6 KCrO4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, K, O, N and Cr: H: | c_1 = 2 c_4 K: | c_1 + c_2 = c_5 + c_6 O: | c_1 + 3 c_2 + 3 c_3 = c_4 + 2 c_5 + 4 c_6 N: | c_2 = c_5 Cr: | 2 c_3 = c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 4 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 4 c_6 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 KOH + 4 KNO_3 + Cr_2O_3 ⟶ H_2O + 4 KNO_2 + 2 KCrO4
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: KOH + KNO_3 + Cr_2O_3 ⟶ H_2O + KNO_2 + KCrO4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 KOH + c_2 KNO_3 + c_3 Cr_2O_3 ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 KNO_2 + c_6 KCrO4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, K, O, N and Cr: H: | c_1 = 2 c_4 K: | c_1 + c_2 = c_5 + c_6 O: | c_1 + 3 c_2 + 3 c_3 = c_4 + 2 c_5 + 4 c_6 N: | c_2 = c_5 Cr: | 2 c_3 = c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 4 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 4 c_6 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 KOH + 4 KNO_3 + Cr_2O_3 ⟶ H_2O + 4 KNO_2 + 2 KCrO4

Structures

+ + ⟶ + + KCrO4
+ + ⟶ + + KCrO4

Names

potassium hydroxide + potassium nitrate + chromium(III) oxide ⟶ water + potassium nitrite + KCrO4
potassium hydroxide + potassium nitrate + chromium(III) oxide ⟶ water + potassium nitrite + KCrO4

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: KOH + KNO_3 + Cr_2O_3 ⟶ H_2O + KNO_2 + KCrO4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 KOH + 4 KNO_3 + Cr_2O_3 ⟶ H_2O + 4 KNO_2 + 2 KCrO4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i KOH | 2 | -2 KNO_3 | 4 | -4 Cr_2O_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 KNO_2 | 4 | 4 KCrO4 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression KOH | 2 | -2 | ([KOH])^(-2) KNO_3 | 4 | -4 | ([KNO3])^(-4) Cr_2O_3 | 1 | -1 | ([Cr2O3])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] KNO_2 | 4 | 4 | ([KNO2])^4 KCrO4 | 2 | 2 | ([KCrO4])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([KOH])^(-2) ([KNO3])^(-4) ([Cr2O3])^(-1) [H2O] ([KNO2])^4 ([KCrO4])^2 = ([H2O] ([KNO2])^4 ([KCrO4])^2)/(([KOH])^2 ([KNO3])^4 [Cr2O3])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: KOH + KNO_3 + Cr_2O_3 ⟶ H_2O + KNO_2 + KCrO4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 KOH + 4 KNO_3 + Cr_2O_3 ⟶ H_2O + 4 KNO_2 + 2 KCrO4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i KOH | 2 | -2 KNO_3 | 4 | -4 Cr_2O_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 KNO_2 | 4 | 4 KCrO4 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression KOH | 2 | -2 | ([KOH])^(-2) KNO_3 | 4 | -4 | ([KNO3])^(-4) Cr_2O_3 | 1 | -1 | ([Cr2O3])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] KNO_2 | 4 | 4 | ([KNO2])^4 KCrO4 | 2 | 2 | ([KCrO4])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([KOH])^(-2) ([KNO3])^(-4) ([Cr2O3])^(-1) [H2O] ([KNO2])^4 ([KCrO4])^2 = ([H2O] ([KNO2])^4 ([KCrO4])^2)/(([KOH])^2 ([KNO3])^4 [Cr2O3])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: KOH + KNO_3 + Cr_2O_3 ⟶ H_2O + KNO_2 + KCrO4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 KOH + 4 KNO_3 + Cr_2O_3 ⟶ H_2O + 4 KNO_2 + 2 KCrO4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i KOH | 2 | -2 KNO_3 | 4 | -4 Cr_2O_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 KNO_2 | 4 | 4 KCrO4 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term KOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) KNO_3 | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[KNO3])/(Δt) Cr_2O_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Cr2O3])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) KNO_2 | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[KNO2])/(Δt) KCrO4 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[KCrO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) = -1/4 (Δ[KNO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Cr2O3])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[KNO2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[KCrO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: KOH + KNO_3 + Cr_2O_3 ⟶ H_2O + KNO_2 + KCrO4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 KOH + 4 KNO_3 + Cr_2O_3 ⟶ H_2O + 4 KNO_2 + 2 KCrO4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i KOH | 2 | -2 KNO_3 | 4 | -4 Cr_2O_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 KNO_2 | 4 | 4 KCrO4 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term KOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) KNO_3 | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[KNO3])/(Δt) Cr_2O_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Cr2O3])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) KNO_2 | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[KNO2])/(Δt) KCrO4 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[KCrO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) = -1/4 (Δ[KNO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Cr2O3])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[KNO2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[KCrO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| potassium hydroxide | potassium nitrate | chromium(III) oxide | water | potassium nitrite | KCrO4 formula | KOH | KNO_3 | Cr_2O_3 | H_2O | KNO_2 | KCrO4 Hill formula | HKO | KNO_3 | Cr_2O_3 | H_2O | KNO_2 | CrKO4 name | potassium hydroxide | potassium nitrate | chromium(III) oxide | water | potassium nitrite |
| potassium hydroxide | potassium nitrate | chromium(III) oxide | water | potassium nitrite | KCrO4 formula | KOH | KNO_3 | Cr_2O_3 | H_2O | KNO_2 | KCrO4 Hill formula | HKO | KNO_3 | Cr_2O_3 | H_2O | KNO_2 | CrKO4 name | potassium hydroxide | potassium nitrate | chromium(III) oxide | water | potassium nitrite |

Substance properties

| potassium hydroxide | potassium nitrate | chromium(III) oxide | water | potassium nitrite | KCrO4 molar mass | 56.105 g/mol | 101.1 g/mol | 151.99 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 85.103 g/mol | 155.09 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 406 °C | 334 °C | 2435 °C | 0 °C | 350 °C | boiling point | 1327 °C | | 4000 °C | 99.9839 °C | | density | 2.044 g/cm^3 | | 4.8 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 1.915 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | soluble | soluble | insoluble | | | surface tension | | | | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 0.001 Pa s (at 550 °C) | | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | | odorless | | odorless | |
| potassium hydroxide | potassium nitrate | chromium(III) oxide | water | potassium nitrite | KCrO4 molar mass | 56.105 g/mol | 101.1 g/mol | 151.99 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 85.103 g/mol | 155.09 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 406 °C | 334 °C | 2435 °C | 0 °C | 350 °C | boiling point | 1327 °C | | 4000 °C | 99.9839 °C | | density | 2.044 g/cm^3 | | 4.8 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 1.915 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | soluble | soluble | insoluble | | | surface tension | | | | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 0.001 Pa s (at 550 °C) | | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | | odorless | | odorless | |

Units

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